Marcu, 1916 
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 
17 
SEE: ee 
The other species has many aliases and in its 
different forms is sold as P. pseudocerasus and 
as P. serrulata, names, however, to which it 
has no proper right, and which have proved a 
great bugbear and hindrance to our peeope! ap- 
reciation of the garden varieties of Japanese 
herries generally. In typical P. Lannesiana 
the flowers are pinkish but its wild form has 
pure white blossoms. All the numerous forms 
of this cherry have fragrant flowers and they 
are mostly white or pale pink. One sort 
(Grandiflora or Ukon) has clear yellow flowers 
and in another (Gioiko) the color is yellow 
with a green band down each petal. In both 
the flowers are double. P. Sieboldii and P. 
Lannesiana together with their forms are trees 
from twenty to thirty feet tall, with wide- 
branching heads, and in Japan they grow rap- 
idly but are not long lived. 
GRAFTED ON WRONG STOCK 
In the Occident we have not been very suc- 
cessful in cultivating the double-flowered forms 
of these Japanese Cherries and from informa- 
tion gained during my recent visit to Japan I 
am convinced that our want of success hereto- 
fore has been due to the fact that for our cli- 
mate they have always been grafted on the 
wrong stock. 
All the single-flowered sorts of these aay 
anese Cherries fruit freely with us and shou 
be increased by seeds, for seedling trees of these 
Cherries grow more freely and more satisfac- 
torily than those raised by other means. All 
the double or semi-double flowered kinds should 
be grafted or budded on P. Sargentii. If this 
be followed I make bold to say that these Cher- 
ries will thrive as well, grow as freely and live 
as long as they do in Japan. 
One other species of Japanese Cherry de- 
serves mention and that is P. incisa, which is 
abundant on the lower slopes of Mt. Fuji and 
the immediate vicinity but is confined to those 
regions. It is a bush or small tree from five to 
thirty feet tall with ascending and spreading 
Prunus yedoensis in the Botanic Gardens, Tokio. 
thin branches and twiggy branchlets and pale 
pink to pure white flowers. This Cherry blos- 
soms profusely in a small state and is the only 
kind the Japanese dwarf and grow in pots, and 
on this account they designate it the Mame- 
zakura—Dwarf Cherry. 
HOW WE CAN USE THEM 
All the Japanese Cherries make excellent 
Specimens on lawns where they are seen to 
good advantage. The smaller growing kinds 
may be massed together for telling effect 
whilst for avenue trees P. Sargentii and P. 
yedoensis cannot be surpassed. They thrive 
best in a light loamy soil but like all their 
kin they are subject to attacks of scale insects. 
These pests may be easily kept down and the 
trees maintained in good health by spraying 
in late winter with lime-sulphur (one gallon 
to eight gallons of water) or with miscible oil 
(one gallon to fourteen gallons of water). 
A quick growing tree fifty feet 
high with a spread of seventy-five feet 
II. The Crabapples 
N HORTICULTURAL and botanical litera- 
ture the Crabapples are often referred to 
as “Pyrus (something)” but nowadays it is 
customary to speak of them under the generic 
title of Malus and to restrict that of Pyrus to 
the Pears, and this is followed here. My inten- 
tion is to tell here of the Crabapples of eastern 
Asia, but there are also several very beautiful 
species of Crabapple native of this country—as 
for example, M. angustifolia, M. fusca, M. 
glaucescens, M.®coronaria, M. ioensis and its 
form, known as the Bechtel Crab, which has 
large and fragrant double pink flowers that 
look like roses and excite the interest and ad- 
The Weeping Cherry (Prunus pendula), quite at 
home in an American garden. Has pale rose flowers 
in April 
miration of all beholders. The American Crab- 
apples blossom later than their Asiatic allies 
and both groups deserve the widest recognition. 
The Siberian (Malus baccata) is the oldest 
known but one of the Asiatic Crabapples, hav- 
ing been introduced to Europe in 1784. It isa 
tree thirty to forty feet tall, with stout spread- 
ing branches and slender branchlets which form 
a broad rounded or more or less oval crown. 
The flowers are pure white and delightfully 
fragrant and are profusely borne in clusters; 
the fruits are small, yellowish or yellow-brown. 
This tree is widely dispersed in the cold nor- 
thern parts of eastern Siberia and extends 
southward into Mongolia, Mandshuria and 
extreme northern China. It is the most nor- 
thern of its class and the hardiest of all species 
of Malus and for this reason ought to be used 
in the colder parts of this country as a stock 
for the common Apple. In the littoral regions 
of northeastern Sen, in Korea and in nor- 
thern Japan, this species is represented by its 
variety mandshurica which differs ir certain 
technical points and has scarlet fruit. In 
Korea, there is a form (Jackii) which has 
handsome, relatively large dark red fruit. 
Under cultivation numerous hybrids between 
Malus baccata and the common Apple and 
other species have arisen and all of these are 
ornamental in flower and exceedingly beautiful 
in fruit. They are known collectively as 
Siberian ea ehapp les but many of the varieties 
have received distinctive names. 
The oldest known is the Chinese M. spec- 
tabilis which was introduced from Canton to 
England in 1780. It is cultivated in the Im- 
perial gardens at Peking and elsewhere in 
China, but has not yet been reported in a wild 
state. It isa sane tree twenty to thirty feet 
tall with a narrow vase-shaped crown made u 
of numerous rigid asuancliing branches an 
short branchlets. The flowers are pale pink, 
more or less semi-double and fragrant, and the 
fruits are yellow, nearly globose, and about 
three quarters of an inch in diameter. The 
habit is rather stiff but this old denizen of 
gardens with its wealth of clustered blossoms is 
strikingly beautiful. 
A lovely Crabapple bearing in season its pale 
pink flowers in the utmost profusion is IM. 
Scheideckeri. This is also a small tree, loosely 
pyramidal in habit and of hybrid origin and 
one of its parents is assumed to be M. spec- 
tabilis. y 
The next species to make its debut in this 
country is the celebrated Parkman Crab (M. 
Halliana) which was sent from Japan to the 
United States by Dr. G. R. Hall in 1861, and 
first cultivated by Francis Parkman, the his- 
torian, in his garden on the shores of Jamaica 
Pond, Boston, Mass. This is a tree-like shrub 
with a broad, bushy crown and twiggy branch- 
lets and rather thick, dark green leaves deeply 
tinged with bronze color where they unfold. 
The flowers, each on a long slender stalk, are 
borne in clusters and are bright rose color, and 
Typical scene in Japan, with Miyako Cherry (double pale pink fragrant flowers). 
This effect is equally possible in America 
these are followed by pea-like dark greenish- 
red fruit which ripen very late in the fall. 
In a family so beautiful as the Crabapple 
there is room for divergence of opinion as to 
which is the finest, but many (of which I am 
one) consider the Parkman Crab the most 
winsome of all the Asiatic species. The type 
has flowers single or nearly so, but there is a 
form (Parkmanii) which has double or semi- 
double flowers. This lovely plant has long been 
a favorite in the gardens of the flower-loving 
Japanese who call it the “Kaido,” but like 
many plants cultivated in Japan it is of 
Chinese origin. In 1904, I had the pleasure of 
discovering it growing wild in thickets on the 
frontier of western China and Thibet and col- 
lected seeds from which plants have been suc- 
cessfully raised. 
A very desirable plant is M. atrosanguinea 
which is a hybrid presumably between WM. 
Halliana and M. Sieboldii. It is a broad shrub 
