Juuy, 1916 
ally smoother than Hollow Crown, and 
more easily harvested, since it grows partly 
out of the ground. 
Rutabagas or Swedish Turnips require a 
much longer season than ordinary turnips 
to reach full size. But they grow much 
larger, are of firmer texture and keep much 
better, while their table qualities are just as 
good as those of the smaller earlier turnips. 
Among the rutabagas, we find yellow- 
fleshed and white-fleshed sorts. Since the 
color of the flesh does not affect its quality 
in any way, the selection of one sort or 
another is a matter of personal preference. 
American Purple Top is, perhaps, the most 
widely used yellow-fleshed sort of to-day, 
while Sweet German or White Russian is 
considered by many the best white-fleshed. 
Salsify or Oyster Plant is the least popular 
of all these desirable root crops. Grown 
in the same manner as parsnips, it develops 
iong slender roots which are perfectly 
hardy and may be left in the ground all 
winter or dug and stored like parsnips. 
When cooked, the roots develop a flavor 
which somewhat resembles oysters—hence 
the name. But, unless you are fond of this 
vegetable, don’t grow it, for its usefulness 
is much more limited than that of any other 
crop in this class. 
HARVESTING AND STORING 
Parsnips and salsify need not be dug but 
may remain in the open ground all winter, 
since frost will improve rather than injure 
their quality. Some protection remains 
to be provided which will make access to 
these roots easy after the ground freezes 
hard. I generally heap a lot of dry leaves 
on the rows and put up boards on both sides 
to prevent the wind from blowing the leaves 
away. When severe cold weather is sched- 
uled to appear, I use old pieces of matting 
or old burlap bags to cover the boards. 
Protected in this fashion, the ground never 
freezes so hard but that the roots can be 
dug when wanted. 
Beets and carrots should be pulled after 
the first light frosts have nipped the foliage. 
Pull them on a dry, sunny day and let them 
dry outdoors, until the soil crumbles off. 
This only requires a few hours of Indian 
Summer weather. Then take the roots 
into the cellar or a frost proof shed or barn, 
Practical Plans for the Home Grounds ~— urn pzav, 
XII. 
N OLD gardener used to explain 
to me his aversion for Ferns and 
Lilies around the foundation of a 
house, by saying—“‘Oh, but you 
cannot plant such damp tings dere. Dey 
make you tink always of vet feed.” And 
when you stop to consider it, they do make 
you think of wet feet. Around a pool, 
however, or along a stream it is just ex- 
actly these reminders of marshy places 
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 
if you have access to one, and store them in 
boxes with sand or dry soil. Put an inch 
layer of soil in the bottom of the box, then 
put in a layer of roots; sprinkle some sand 
or soil over this layer of roots and pile 
some more roots in and so on. 
Roots should, as far as possible, not come 
in contact with each other, but rather be 
isolated by surrounding sand or soil. Do 
not store roots that are spotted or have 
marks of any kind of disease. 
Turnips and rutabagas need not be har- 
vested until it gets quite cold and all 
chances for making further growth are 
past. They really grow until the ground 
freezes, when they should be pulled, cleaned 
and stored in a cold corner in the cellar. 
Being of much firmer texture than any of 
the other root crops described, they keep 
much better with less care. But in their 
case also, attention should be paid that no 
diseased roots are stored, or a few bad ones 
may undo all your work if given a long 
enough chance in which to spoil the rest of 
the crop. All that has been said about 
turnips and rutabagas is applicable to 
winter radishes as well. 
Solving Puzzles in Peas 
To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: 
HE article in your April issue is full 
of interesting information and practi- 
cal value to all who appreciate the part 
played by peas in the horticultural world. 
It constitutes a record of facts which 
could only have been brought together by 
a series of exhaustive experiments. 
One question arises, however, which we 
would crave your permission to bring for- 
ward, and this is in reference to the illustra- 
tion on page 162, showing three peas, and 
naming them from left to mnght: Quite 
Content, Royal Salute and Potlatch. 
We were surprised to see Quite Content 
illustrated as the smallest podded variety 
of these three. We introduced it as the 
largest podded pea in cultivation, and it 
has remained so according to our experience 
and tests. We can only conclude that the 
three peas in the illustration referred to 
should be taken from right to left, which 
would give Quite Content its nghtful 
position as the largest podded pea. The 
that we want, especially if the pool be 
naturalistic. With a formal pool or foun- 
tain, one may take more liberties in the 
way of planting than with a pool which is 
trying to simulate Nature. The former 
is usually in the midst of a garden, and 
because the garden is the first consideration, 
Phlox, Petunias and Hollyhocks near the 
water, are not the incongruities they would 
be in a woodsy garden. 
331 
article is so important that it will be 
filed for future reference by many read- 
ers, and we ask if this illustration is correct. 
[Your surmise is correct, as indeed is clearly 
evident by a reference to the tabulated 
descriptions at the bottom of page 163. Ed]. 
We would also refer to one more impor- 
tant factor affecting the pea crop, viz: differ- 
ence in the soils. 
We note that Telephone is classified as a 
negligible and superfluous variety side by 
side with such as Admiral Dewey, Alderman, 
etc. Speaking from the experience of many 
years, and watching these peas in Europe 
as well as in America, we have established 
the undoubted fact, beyond any question, 
that the Telephone pea is better suited to 
light soils than any of the other varieties 
of similar habit and growth which you men- 
tion, and that the other peas, although as 
large in the pod, would not do as well under 
the same conditions. Therefore to put 
Telephone on one side as superfluous would 
mean depriving every pea grower whose soil 
is light, of the great advantage which 
Telephone affords him over other varieties. 
Experience has established the fact that 
varieties bearing dark green pods do not 
thrive so well on light soils as paler podded 
varieties, of which the Telephone is a con- 
spicuous example. 
London, Eng. JAmeEs.CaArTER & Co. 
—Quite Content is the largest podded 
pea in the whole country that I have tried. 
All the trials underlying my statements 
were conducted in clay soil. I am, there- 
fore, not prepared to state whether Tele- 
phone does better in light soil than it does 
in heavier soil. I wonder if Carter & Co. 
are familiar with the fact that we in Amer- 
ica recognize two distinct types of Tele- 
phone? We have the dark podded, the 
best type of which is the Alderman; and we 
have the light podded, the best type of 
which is Duke of Albany. The tendency in 
many parts of the country is to secure the 
darkest Telephone that can be had, because 
of the superior appearance of the product 
after it has been displayed on the market 
bench for some time. The light podded 
type will turn yellow, while the dark podded 
will retain its appearance for 48 hours at 
least—ADOLPH KRUHM. 
Landscape 
Architect 
Appropriate Planting for Formal Pools 
In planting even the architectural pool, 
however, it is best to try to recall something 
of the feeling which belongs to watersides. 
Tris and grasses will contribute to this at- 
mosphere, so will the little Forget-me-not of 
streams and the brilliant Cardinal Flower, 
with tall Marshmallows, purple Ironweed, 
and rosy Joe-Pye-Weed as background flow- 
ers. It is surprising how at home these 
plants are in the garden proper, among their 
