66 



THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 



March, 1906 



Never spray a tree in bloom. You will Kill the bees 

 and get less fruit 



With the Bordeaux mixture an arsenical 

 poison must be used to kill the codling moth 

 and other insects. Arsenate of lead has been 

 found much the best, as it is remarkably 

 adhesive, so that it remains on the apple 

 through the summer after the hardest rains 

 and is much more effective, both for the sec- 

 ond brood of the codling moth and leaf-eating 

 insects. It should be used at the rate of one 

 pound to a barrel of the Bordeaux, or say- 

 two ounces to five gallons. In New England, 

 where it is often advisable to make the same 

 spraying do for the gypsy and brown-tail 

 moths, ten pounds to the barrel must be used, 

 or a pound to five gallons. Paris green or 

 several of the substitutes for it which are 

 somewhat cheaper and in many ways better, 

 and which are sold under trade names, 

 should be used at the rate of four ounces to 

 the barrel of Bordeaux. It should be made 

 into a paste with water before putting in the 

 mixture or it will not mix well. There is 

 absolutely no danger to health from eating 

 apples poisoned in May or June. 



PROFIT fi TO 



A TREE 



Will it pay? Try it and see. Our expe- 

 rience shows that instead of three-fourths of 

 the fruit dropping and half of the rest being 

 wormy we keep three-fourths on the tree and 

 but 5 per cent, are wormy. In the most 

 carefully conducted tests we have shown that 

 with apples at $3 a barrel there has been a 

 difference in value of fruit on twenty-year old 

 trees of $7 on unsprayed trees against $20 

 on sprayed trees. Proper spraying will show 

 a net profit of from $1 to $5 a tree in value 

 of picked fruit on full bearing trees, if the 

 average of the years be taken. 



SPRAYING PEARS 



The sprayings outlined above for the cod- 

 ling moth will also control most of the leaf- 

 eating caterpillars attacking the apple, such 

 as the tent caterpillar, canker-worms, etc., 

 and the sprayings before blossoming will have 

 considerable influence in controlling the cur- 

 culio whose crescent-shaped scars blemish 

 the fruit. Pear trees should be sprayed in 

 the same manner and at the same season as 

 apples, for the same pests attack them. 



Somewhat later the foliage of the pear and 



cherry often looks as if scorched by fire as 

 the result of the work of the pear slugs, small 

 larva? of sawflies, which eat off the surface 

 of the leaves, thus turning them brown. They 

 will succumb readily to an arsenical spray, 

 or may be killed by a thorough dusting with 

 hellebore or even air-slaked lime, for they 

 are easily killed by clogging the breathing 

 pores. For dusting trees or vegetables the 

 portable powder guns now sold are by far 

 the most desirable apparatus, They may 

 also be used for dusting a few apple trees 

 with dry Bordeaux mixture and Paris green, 

 as is now advocated by many in Missouri and 

 elsewhere. 



SPRAYING PEACHES AND PLUMS 



Peach and plum trees should be sprayed 

 thoroughly with Bordeaux mixture before 

 the buds open for the leaf curl, rot, and 

 other diseases affecting them. Where there 

 has been considerable rot the previous season, 

 all the dried-up fruit, or "mummies" hang- 



Just before the buds open you want to spray your 

 home fruit trees 



ing on the tree should be picked off and de- 

 stroyed in the winter. Then spray with 

 dilute Bordeaux as soon as the fruit is set 

 and every two weeks through the season, as 

 experience proves necessary, as these dis- 

 eases are much worse in some localities and 

 in wet seasons. Dilute Bordeaux is made 

 exactly as previously described, except that 

 just one half as much copper sulphate and 

 lime are used to the same amount of water. 

 Bordeaux should always be used in the dilute 

 form on peach and plum in foliage, and care 

 must be taken to have it well mixed and 

 properly made. 



BUSH FRUITS AND GRAPES 



The diseases of bush fruits may also be 

 controlled with Bordeaux. Spray the raspber- 

 ries when the new canes are six to twelve 

 inches high and currants and gooseberries as 

 soon as they are in foliage, adding Paris 

 green for the caterpillars attacking the latter, 

 the same as on apple. Further applications 

 of Paris green or other arsenical poison will 



be necessary through the season, which may 

 better be made with Bordeaux added. The 

 cost of spraying is in the labor, not for the 

 materials, and while doing it one may as 

 well seek to prevent all the maladies possible. 

 The black rot and mildews of the grape are 

 also controlled by thorough spraying with 

 Bordeaux mixture, commencing before blos- 

 soming and continuing every ten days or two 

 weeks after fruit has set until it is nearly ripe. 

 Add an arsenical poison for the insects. For 

 spraying a few bush fruits or grapevines a 

 knapsack or compressed-air sprayer is the 

 most convenient, and either of them are also 

 best for tomatoes and other close-growing 

 vegetables. 



APPARATUS FOR HOME USE 



The question of apparatus is a serious one 

 to the man with a small garden. Expensive 

 apparatus is impossible; the cheap kind is 

 equally expensive for it fails to do the work 

 and is soon broken. 



Simplest of all are the hand atomizer and 

 powder bellows . These have their places for 

 spraying and dusting flowers and small bushes, 

 but it is poor economy to attempt to spray a 

 tree with either as we have often seen tried. 

 A good atomizer with tank of copper or glass 

 • can now be bought for fifty or seventy-five 

 cents, and every gardener should have one, 

 for small jobs are constantly arising for 

 which they are just the thing. 



Where more force is required to produce 

 a larger volume of spray, and where the 

 pump does not need to be carried far, a good 

 bucket is most useful and is the cheapest of 

 those really reliable. A good bucket pump 

 should have an air cylinder so as to keep up 

 pressure, a foot extending over the bucket 

 with which to steady it while pumping, and 

 four feet of light hose. Such a pump costs 

 from $3 to $5, according to the make and 

 accessories. 



Where it is necessary to carry the pump 

 around much, as for bush fruits, most vege- 

 tables and small trees, a knapsack carried 

 on the back or compressed air sprayer 



Just as soon as the petals fall you want to spray 

 your fruit trees again 



