32 HENRY G. SMITH. 



original kino, and was entirely precipitated from solution 

 by gelatin, separating well if a trace of alum was added ; 

 the original kino, of course, acted similarly. When boiled 

 with dilute acid the solution soon changed to red, and after 

 continued boiling a copious deposit of a "kino red" was 

 obtained. This had dyeing properties and gave a series of 

 browns with mordanted cloth. To the filtrate from the 

 "kino red" basic acetate of lead was added in excess. The 

 excess of lead in the colourless filtrate was removed by 

 sulphuric acid, the filtrate neutralised and boiled with 

 Fehling's solution ; a copious precipitate of cuprous oxide 

 was obtained. The substance in tiie kino precipitated by 

 alcohol was thus shown to be a glucoside. 



Composition of the glucoside. — One gram of the powdered 

 glucoside, containing 11*75 f> of water, was boiled for six 

 hours with dilute sulphuric acid. The "kino red" which 

 separated on standing over night was filtered off, washed, 

 and dried at 130 O. The amount obtained was 0*4733 

 gram equal to 47*337'. The acid was removed by carbonate 

 of barium, the small amount of tannin in solution by basic 

 acetate of lead, and the excess of lead by sulphuretted 

 hydrogen. The sugar in the filtrate was heated in water 

 bath until constant in weight ; this took several hours, and 

 slight decomposition had taken place as indicated by the 

 darkening and strong caramel odour. It is also doubtful 

 whether it had been rendered perfectly anhydrous. The 

 amount was 0*4447 gram or 44*47°/°. As one molecule of 

 water of hydrolysis had entered into the calculation the 

 decomposition was apparently fairly complete, so that the 

 general results indicate that two molecules of a glucose 

 are present. A larger amount of the glucoside was then 

 boiled in dilute sulphuric acid for six hours and the sugar 

 prepared as above. When treated with yeast and inverted 

 over mercury it slowly fermented, much more quickly 



