ABORIGINAL TRIBES OF NEW SOUTH WALES AND VICTORIA. 269 



awake all night. In the morning the graduate is marked 

 by vertical cuts on the left shoulder just under the previous 

 scarring. There is a further interval of time, and the man 

 is released from the tabu regarding the female and half- 

 grown emus, when a similar ceremony is held, after which 

 he is marked by vertical incisions on the right shoulder 

 immediately below the iguana mumbir. 



The graduate now has three rows of scars, extending 

 from shoulder to shoulder, which completes all the mumbir 

 which will be cut upon his back. At some convenient time 

 after this he is marched to a place near the women's camp, 

 where he is met and welcomed by his male and female 

 relations as before. 



Next in order comes the graduate's liberty to eat the 

 maugang, a large grub found by chopping into the boles of 

 trees, for which he is marked on the left arm with vertical 

 cuts. For the burragang, a large grub in the roots of trees, 

 he is similarly incised on the right upper arm. 



After another interval he is relieved from his wanal 

 respecting the dhugganan, a small grub obtained in the boles 

 of trees and is marked on the left arm below the first 

 mumbir. The gurthan, a small grub found in the roots of 

 trees comes next, for which he is cut on the right upper 

 arm, below the burragang scars. In each of the four last 

 cases, one of the grubs is rubbed around the graduate's 

 mouth by an old man before it is eaten, and each has its 

 own peculiar chant. 



The chest is the seat of the next mumbir. With cere- 

 monies similar to those already described, the yubba or 

 full-grown male carpet snake is added to the man's dietary 

 scale, and he is marked by vertical cuts on the left breast, 

 commencing at the collar bone, high enough to leave room 

 for another row of marks between it and the nipple later 

 on. When* these wounds have healed the novitiate is 



