16 HENRY DEANE. 
America, and the continent of Kurope including Henschell | 
of Cassel, the Hanoverian Locomotive Co., and Swiss Loco- 
motive Co. of Winterthur, are quite prepared to compete 
in supplying the needs of such a line as that of the Com- 
monwealth Oil Corporation Ltd., for the Wolgan Valley 
Railway and its hard conditions. A type which has been 
strongly recommended is the Garrett type, made by Beyer, 
Peacock and Co. 
One type of locomotive I have not mentioned yet; that 
is the Shay geared locomotive made by the Lima Locomo- 
tive Co. of Lima, Ohio, U.S.A. A great deal has been 
heard of this locomotive during the last eighteen months, 
and I do not now propose to say more than that it is a 
great puller—no doubt it is slow as well assure, but where 
the heavy grades can be grouped, its design is such as to 
give it advantages over ordinary types. On the level it is 
not so advantageous because its speed is limited, but on 
heavy grades it is in its element and can readily stop and 
start on Maximum grades with maximum loads, and this 
cannot be said of every other locomotive. 
With regard to wear of rails on curves, there is now a 
good deal of experience on the subject. Where rolling 
stock of the ordinary type is used wear on sharp curves 
must always be very considerable, but it can be greatly 
diminished if the rolling stock is of a suitable design, and 
still more so if guard rails are placed at a proper distance 
from the inner rail, so as to catch the inside of the wheel 
flanges and prevent the wheel flanges on the other side 
grinding against the outer rail. But where, through the 
adoption of sharp curvature the wear is rather heavy, the 
cost of renewals is far more than outbalanced by the 
interest on the saving effected on the original cost of con- 
struction. To take an example:—by the adoption of say 5 
chain curves on a particular mountain line, the cost of 
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