156 R. T. BAKER AND H. G. SMITH. 
and the yield is also very good. ‘Through the kindness 
of Messrs. Schimmel and Co., of Leipzig, we have received 
several samples of these Pine-needle oils. On analysing 
them for purpose of comparison, it was found that they 
were all leevorotatory, and that the leaf oil of Abies pec- 
tinata had a much Jess rotation to the left than had the 
oil from the cones of the same species. The ester content 
was also less in the cone oil. 
On keeping the leaf oils of Callitris glauca for some time 
a resinous substance eventually forms and attaches itself 
to the sides of the bottles. This is evidently caused by light 
and oxidation as the specific gravity of the oil has slightly 
increased. The solubility of the oil in alcohol also rapidly 
diminishes on keeping. When freshly distilled the solubility 
was often as low as one volume of 90% alcohol, varying 
from that to ten volumes 90% alcohol. When aged it did 
not form a clear solution, at ordinary temperatures, even 
with ten volumes absolute alcohol. The solubility test 
appears therefore to be of little value in judging the crude 
oil of this species of Callitris. 
Equal volumes of the crude oils of each of the seven 
Samples here investigated were mixed together, and the 
product analysed. It was lemon yellow in colour and 
retained the original odour. Although some of the samples 
had been distilled a few years, yet, the alteration in any 
direction was not great. There was a slight increase in 
the specific gravity, and the increased insolubility in alcohol 
was marked. A very small amount of a phenol was 
extracted by aqueous alkali, it did not react with ferric 
chloride in alcoholic solution, and was perhaps the phenol 
common to the timber. 
The specific gravity of the mixed oils at 16° C.=0°8813. 
The rotation ap = + 27°9°. The refractive index at 16° CO. 
=1°4771. The ester content by boiling was 13°82%; in 
