ON THE PINES OF AUSTRALIA. 179 
tree. It isthen known vernacularly as *‘ Pine Resin,’’ and 
in appearance closely resembles the original sandarac resin 
of commerce. So faras we are aware, it has not yet been 
possible to devise a method for successfully injuring Callitris 
trees, so that the resin might be collected in masses, and 
thus obtained in quantity, as is the case with turpentine 
for instance. For the present, therefore, Australian 
sandarac will have to be gathered by hand, a somewhat 
laborious process. 
Besides the numerous investigations into the composition 
of sandarac, recorded in the various scientific journals, Dr. 
Henry of London, published in 1901, an exhaustive research 
on the constituents of the sandarac resins generally, and 
isolated and determined their acid resins." This paper 
contains (p. 1145) the following:—‘‘There also appears on 
the market from time to time a similar resin, which, since 
it is exported from Australia, is commonly known as ‘‘White 
Pine Resin” or “‘Australian Sandarac’’. This substance 
is the natural exudation product of Callitris verrucosa and 
differs from the common sandarac chiefly in the larger size 
of the tears and its smaller solubility in alcohol.”’ This 
statement may be taken as representing the generally 
accepted idea in Hurope regarding Australian sandarac. 
It is not, however, quite correct as regards its origin, 
because Australian sandarac is not collected from C. ver- 
rucosa to any great extent, nor could it be obtained in 
commercial quantities from that species. The sandarac 
exported from Australia is collected from various species 
of Callitris, and for this reason it will be found to be vari- 
able in its characters, until care be taken to collect the 
resin from individual species. The constituents occurring 
in the oils of the several species of Callitris are very 
variable, although practically constant for each species, and 
+ Journ. Chem. Soc., September, 1901, p. 1144. 
