XLIV. T. W. KEELE. 
watering, plunge baths, lawn and garden sprinklers, sanitary 
flushing of the street gutters, and public conveniences, fire 
brigade practice, and public swimming baths, will be 
demanded by the citizens, and must be provided for. All 
these services have been for a long time very severely 
reduced, which, together with the necessity for frequent 
caution to the ratepayers to enconomise even in domestic 
services, have resulted in keeping down the rate of con- 
sumption to the very low figure of less than 40 gallons daily 
perhead. Itisareproach to the city that the supply should 
be so constantly stinted in the use of water for these pur- 
poses, Which may all be regarded as absolute necessities in 
this climate. If the city is to be made beautiful as it is 
admitted on all hands it should be, a liberal supply must be 
provided for the public parks and gardens where restrictions 
have been so long enforced. Public fountains should be 
established in all the parks and domains, the overflow from 
which could be applied to the maintenance of ornamental 
ponds, and the watering of the flower beds. From what I 
have said it will be easy to account for the exceedingly 
moderate supply of 60 gallons per head in 1912-13, which is 
already enjoyed by nearly all the Australasian cities. In 
America the consumption of water is much greater. In New 
York at the present time, the Boroughs of Manhattan and 
the Bronx, where the population is over 24 millions, have a 
gravitation supply providing water at the daily rate of 110 
British gallons per head, which has been found to be 
insufficient, and provision is now being made to increase it 
to 125 gallons per head in the future, by the construction 
of additional works. 
Need of More Storage.—These two pictures I have drawn, 
showing the operation of the water system under weather 
conditions, one or other of which we may reasonably antici- 
pate, and with the population and rate of consumption 
