OC IOBER, 1914 



THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 



95 



■filled with soil but not to the top. Thus each plant 

 "was in a large round depression which would catch 

 rain. 



Twigs were put to the plants to hold them up 

 that they should not be attacked by slugs. Tall 

 brush had already been put between the rows and 

 cheesecloth was stretched along the side from 

 which the prevailing winds blew. This was firmly 

 fastened to stakes and brought right down to the 

 ground. If the plants showed no sign of branching, 

 the top was nipped off. However, most of them 

 branched of their own accord. As they grew larger, 

 more and bigger twigs were added to help them 

 toward the brush and a trench was made on one side, 

 the upper one, where the moisture would do the most 

 .good. This was covered with boards supported by 

 sticks put across the top of the trench. 



When it had not rained during the night or the day 

 before, water, conveyed by the hose, was allowed 

 to run into the upper end of this trench for several 

 hours. Just before the flower buds came on, a 

 watering of cow manure water was given and soot 

 was sprinkled freely on the ground about two weeks 

 .after the transplanting and again after the flower 

 buds were showing. 



The flowers were large, the stems long, and the 

 number of flowers in each spray good. We had 

 flowers until the middle of August and the plants 

 reached the height of six and a half feet. We also 

 planted seeds in the ground early in March and had 

 good flowers from them but the results were not so 

 good as those we obtained from the pot plants and 

 we will never try anything but planting in pots 

 again. We bought good seed, all of the Spencer type, 

 the varieties that did best being King Edward 

 Spencer, King White, Helen Lewis and Wedgewood. 

 Ethel Anson S. Peckham. 



New Rochelle, N. Y. 



The Seventeen-year Locust for Next Year 



THE periodical or seventeen-year locust is a 

 serious pest. Over a great portion of the 

 eastern United States this coming year, 1915, it is 

 due to again appear. As during the past season lo- 

 custs have been bad in southwestern Pennsylvania, 

 eastern Ohio, and over a considerable portion of 

 West Virginia, where I had a chance to'observe them, 



I want to make some suggestions to the prospective 

 planters of fruit trees and to those who have young 

 trees. 



The seventeen-year locust is not particular as to 

 the plants upon which it rests. All kinds of trees 

 and shrubs are used. While the damage is alike to 

 all it is only a case of twig pruning, but when 

 shrubbery or young fruit trees are the hosts the 

 damage becomes serious. 



The injury done by the seventeen-year locust 

 consists of pushing an awl-like ovipositor into the 

 small wood in w r hich to deposit the egg. The end of 

 this ovipositor is divided, each half working inde- 

 pendently with a saw-like motion. An individual in- 

 cision would do but little harm, but they are so 

 close together that the continued effect is to weaken 

 the twig to such an extent that any weight at all is 

 almost sure to break it. This past summer I saw 

 many young apple trees just coming into bearing, 

 the twigs of which had an apple or two upon them. 

 In almost every instance where the locust had 

 visited the twig and inserted eggs, the twig broke 

 under its load of little apples. 



The locust uses a tree simply for a place to lay the 

 eggs and for the eggs to hatch. Just as soon .as 

 hatched the little ant-like larva crawls out, drops to 

 the ground, and burrows down into the ground to 

 find a root from which to take its food. Here a little 

 cell is formed and the larva leads an isolated exis- 

 tence until it is time to emerge years hence. It 

 seldom or ever moves except when dislodged by 

 some outside disturbance, or if it finds it necessary 

 to find a new feeding place. 



Where locusts are expected this coming summer, 

 it will be better to defer planting fruit trees until 

 the following fall or spring. I know of one young 

 orchard in central Pennsylvania planted just before 

 the brood of 191 1 put in an appearance that was 

 so injured that it has not yet entirely recovered, 

 although it is outgrowing the damage. 



Where there are young trees they should not be 

 pruned until after the locusts are gone. Then should 

 there be any necessity of thinning the wood, try to 

 confine the cutting out to injured twigs. In this 

 way the tree can probably be properly trained and 

 only sound wood left. 



To overcome the injury done by the seventeen- 

 year locust, damaged trees should be given a liberal 

 supply of nitrogenous manure in order to stimulate 

 a rapid growth to cover over the injury with new 

 wood. 



Preventives can also be employed. Hogs pas- 

 tured in areas known to have been infested with the 

 last appearance of the locust in a given locality will 

 root it out and devour it as it gets near the surface. 

 Land pastured by cattle rarely is infested by locusts 

 because the larvae are tender and as they approach 

 the surface the tramping of the cattle crushes them. 



Spraying the freshly emerged insects with kero- 

 sene emulsion, diluting the stock solution with five 

 to eight parts of water, will stop all transforming to 

 the adult stage. Where the transformation has taken 

 place, dusting with pyrethrum powder or spraying 

 with water in which has been stirred all the pyre- 

 thrum powder that it will carry, will kill the adults. 

 Sometimes the death is slow, but it is sure, neverthe- 

 less. 



Much has been done to learn whether the de- 

 positing of eggs can be prevented, but though many 

 evil-smelling substances have been used, none seems 

 to be a sure preventive. Whitewash has been used 

 and it is reported that the female will not deposit 

 eggs in whitewashed wood when other wood is 

 available, but nothing definite in the matter can be 

 advised. One observer, whose trees had been spray- 

 ed with bordeaux mixture, said that the locust did 

 not stay in that orchard, but moved to a neigh- 

 boring unsprayed orchard. 



The following are the states and counties in which 

 locusts may be expected to appear in 1915, as re- 

 corded by Prof. C. L. Marlatt in Bulletin 71 of the 

 Bureau of Entomology: 



STATE 



COUNTIES 



The sure way to have exhibition quailty sweet peas is to 

 I sow the seed in the fall 



Delaware — Newcastle. 



District of Columbia — Several localities. 



Georgia — Dade, Elbert, Floyd, Habersham, Hall, Paulding, 



Rabun, Spalding, White 

 Illinois — Dewitt, Douglas, Knox, McLean, Montgomery, Scott, 



Shelby, Vermilion ; : 

 Indiana — Boone. Brown, Carroll, Grant, Johnson, Laporte, 



Wells. 

 Kentucky — Letcher. 



The 17-year cicada (locust) is due in many places in 1915 

 Be prepared! 



Maryland — Carroll, Cecil, Montgomery, Prince George, Wash- 

 ington. 

 Michigan — Barry, Cass (?) Chippewa, Genesee, Houghton, 

 Kent (?), Macomb (?), Newaygo (?), Ogemaw (?), 

 Otsego, Shiawassee, Washtenaw. 

 New Jersey — Bergen. Cumberland, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, 

 Mercer, Middlesex, Morris, Passaic, Somerset, 

 Union. 

 New York — Greene, New York, Richmond, Schenectady, 



Westchester. 

 North Carolina — Alexander, Bladen, Buncombe, Burke, Cabar- 

 rus, Caldwell, Catawba, Henderson, Iredell, 

 Lincoln, McDowell, Macon, Montgomery, 

 Moore, Pender, Polk, Randolph (?), Ruther- 

 ford, Swain, Transylvania, Union, Wash- 

 ington (?), Wilkes. 

 Ohio — Ashtabula, Carroll, Champaign, Columbiana, Delaware, 

 Madison, Mahoning, Montgomery, Morrow, Pickaway, 

 Shelby, Summit (?), Union, Vinton (?). 

 Pennsylvania — Bucks, Dauphin, Lancaster, Montgomery, 

 Northampton and adjoining counties, Phila- 

 delphia, Westmoreland. 

 South Carolina — Oconee. 

 Tennessee — Bradley, Greene, Hamilton, Jefferson, Knox, Miegs, 



Polk, Sullivan. 

 Virginia — Charlotte, Chesterfield, Fairfax, Powhatan, Prince 



Edward, Smyth. 

 West Virginia — Berkeley, Brooke, Clay, Fayette, Grant, Hamp- 

 shire, Hancock, Hardy, Jefferson, Marshall, 

 Mineral, Monongalia, Monroe, Morgan, Ohio, 

 Pendleton, Pocahontas, Preston, Raleigh, 

 Tucker, Tyler, Webster. 

 Wisconsin — Burnett, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Fond du Lac, 

 Green Lake, La Crosse, Marquette, Sauk, Sawyer, 

 Washburn, Waushara. 



Pennsylvania. Harold Clarke. 



Roses From Slips 



THERE is a system of raising roses from slips 

 here in Oklahoma that is very successful and 

 quite widely used by the amateurs. Late in the 

 fall, either before or after hard frosts, slipsabout six 

 inches long are cut. Care must be taken that the 

 cut ends are smooth, the top square across and the 

 bottom one a long slanting cut and as smooth as 

 possible. The leaves must be cut carefully so as 

 not to injure the buds, leaving enough leaf stem to 

 afford them some protection. These slips are 

 planted at once in good soil (in which a quantity 

 of sand has been worked) to about half their length 

 and covered with a Mason jar or a quart bottle with 

 the bottom broken out. In severe weather earth 

 is heaped up around the glass, nearly to the top. 

 In the spring these slips bud out about the time the 

 outdoor roses do and then care must be used or 

 the slips will be killed by too much air, as the leaf 

 starts before the roots are very big, sometimes with 

 only a callus. 



I have had great success with this method with 

 the ramblers, teas and hybrid teas. A cutting of 

 Lady Gay Rambler, planted less than a year ago, 

 grew more than ten feet this year and I have a num- 

 ber of Mad. Caroline Testout, Antoine Rivoire, Me- 

 teor and the Cochets that are now large bushes. 



Oklahoma. H. B. Harts. 



