160 



THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 



December, 1914 



tant of these is fresh air. This is essential 

 not only for keeping the plants in vigorous 

 growth hut it is practically a preventive 

 for troubles with insects and disease. While 

 direct draughts, especially in cold weather, 

 should be avoided, ventilation should be 

 given every day and for as long a time as 

 possible without getting the temperature of 

 the house too low. While plen ty of moisture 

 is essential, the beginner is more likely to do 

 damage by giving too much of it. The 

 soil should be thoroughly wet just before — 

 or just after — setting out the plants. 

 After that water should be given only as the 

 condition of the soil seems to indicate that 

 water is needed. Water as seldom as 

 possible, but water thoroughly, and if 

 possible only on bright days so that the 

 foliage and the surface of the soil will be 



dried off by evening. While watering once 

 in several days will be sufficient for a crop 

 grown at a low temperature in midwinter, 

 cucumbers and tomatoes which usually 

 are making their greatest development in 

 early spring when the sun is strong enough 

 to run the house up to 80 or 90 degrees on 

 bright days, often require a good watering 

 every day. Frequent cultivation, whether 

 any weeds appear or not, is just as essential 

 indoors as out. 



What is perhaps the most important 

 point of all I mention last for the sake of 

 emphasis — that is — never let a bug appear, 

 or if he does appear, never let him live 24 

 hours. But prevention is very much easier 

 and quicker than any remedy. Use good 

 strong tobacco dust freely on the soil and 

 about the plant and if necessary on the 



foliage. If this is attended to, further 

 trouble will seldom be experienced. The 

 green plant lice or aphids and the white 

 fly are the things most likely to cause 

 trouble. If these do appear, spray the 

 former with a nicotine extract (which may 

 be had in a number of readily available 

 forms such as aphine 'to be used after 

 simply diluting with water); and for the 

 latter use fumigation or nicotine extract 

 for the matured flies and kerosene emulsion 

 — in fact the white fly must be treated 

 exactly as if it were a scale. Examine your 

 plants carefully at least once every week, 

 as these like other insect pests, are incon- 

 spicuous when they first put in their 

 appearance and keep out of sight until, 

 they have mobilized large armies of de- 

 scendants. 



The Gardens of the Panama Pacific Exposition 



By G. B. Furniss, 



Cali- 

 fornia 



A BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE LARGE UNDERTAKINGS FOR THE GARDEN FEATURES OF NEXT YEAR'S 

 EXPOSITION AT SAN FRANCISCO— GROWING FEATURES IN BOXES TO TRANSPLANT BODILY 



IT IS a gigantic task. There are over two 

 miles of water front along the shore 

 line of San Francisco Bay. The loca- 

 tion is sightly. To the north and east 

 is a panoramic view of the bay with its 

 islands dotted here and there and low re- 

 ceding foothills in the distance. In front 

 is the broad waterway leading westerly 

 to the scenic Golden Gate, the historic and 

 romantic portal of the vast Pacific Ocean 

 beyond. The sunrise and sunsets are 

 radiant with all the colors of the tropics. 

 Much of the land had been filled in by salt 

 water dredgings. This was topped off by 

 tons of rich alluvial earth brought some 90 

 miles by barge from the 

 fertile valley of the Sac- 

 ramento River. But 

 I it tie development work 

 could be done because 

 planting was precluded 

 by building construc- 

 tion. This meant that 

 nearly everything had 

 to be done in a brief 

 period just before the 

 opening days. Lawns 

 could be established 

 with California rye 

 grass in six weeks, but 

 shrubs and trees re- 

 quire time. Then 

 again, the standard 

 heights of buildings to 

 first cornice average 60 

 feet. These walls called 

 for immense trees and 

 high shrubbery as back- 

 ground to give vista 

 and proportion. A 

 nursery was started in 

 the vicinity; 14,000 feet 

 of glass houses was con- 

 structed and to-day 



there are 300,000 plants ready for use! 

 The state was searched for specimen trees. 

 These were carefully boxed. First the 

 earth was cut down on all four sides and 

 boxed in. Several inches were left between 

 the box and the roots. This space was 

 filled with rich earth and watered to en- 

 courage side root growth. About six 

 months later the bottom was boxed in. 

 The trees were then lifted by windlass. 

 Gigantic trees have thus been transported 

 by team and rail. 



Along the main half mile of boulevard 

 there is a double row of palms {Phoenix 

 Canariensis), alternating with California 



Washingtonian fan palms which look like 

 the growth of centuries. The Canariensis 

 stand 30 feet high with long plume like 

 branches making a 35 foot spread. The 

 Washingtonians tower 40 and 50 feet with 

 majestic spread of fans surmounting mas- 

 sive trunks and weigh 25 tons each. Pink 

 and scarlet ivy geranium, passion flowers, 

 and tecomas have been raised in boxes 

 and trained up between trellis nailed to the 

 sides of the boxes. 



Another boulevard is planted to Drac- 

 cena indivisa trees, 25 feet high. Eucalyp- 

 tus has been largely used. These make 



gigantic growth! 



The Palace of Horticulture, taken at a point 125 feet above the ground. The building is 600 feet long 

 and 300 wide. The dome in the centre is 186 feet high and 152 feet in diameter. The architecture of the 

 domes and minarets resembles that of the mosque of Sultan Ahmed I. at Constantinople, while the details 

 of the facades, spires and other decorations reproduce the eighteenth century French Renaissance 



In two years from seed 

 they give trees 30 feet 

 high! E. globulus pre- 

 dominates because its 

 large bluish leaf gives 

 the effect of distance 

 when massed against 

 high walls. 



The acacias may be 

 had in successive bloom 

 from winter to winter. 

 A. Bailey ana with its 

 deep golden yellow and 

 dainty silvery foliage, 

 feathery and finely di- 

 vided, comes in Janu- 

 ary. A . mollissima with 

 its heavy feathery green 

 puts forth its clear yel- 

 low bloom in February. 

 A. floribunda blooms 

 through the summer 

 with its bright balls of 

 yellow against bright 

 flat leaves of green, and 

 A . calamifolia flowers 

 in late fall. A. latifolia 

 and floribunda have 

 been raised to standards 

 with round tops 5 feet 



