October, 1915 



THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 



79 



ately large flat-topped tree with stout, straight 

 spreading branches and is widely distributed from 

 the St. Lawrence Valley to North Carolina and to 

 Illinois. 



The best known of the Old World Hawthorns is 

 C. Oxyacantha of which there are very many varieties 

 and in which dull red colored fruits predominate. 

 A species from northern China and Manchuria 

 (C. pinnatifida) with red fruits is one of the best of 

 all Hawthorns. The wild form is a medium-sized 

 shrub with relatively small fruits but this species 

 has long been cultivated as a fruit tree in orchards 

 in northern China and by cultivation it has de- 

 veloped into a tree with large and edible fruit. 



Closely allied to Crataegus is Sorbus Aucuparia. 

 the Mountain Ash or Rowan-tree, and when laden 

 with its broad flat clusters of small bright scarlet 

 fruits has no peer among ornamental fruiting trees. 

 There are several varieties including a form with 

 pendulous branches and another with yellow fruits. 

 Scattered over the North Temperate regions are 

 several species closely allied to the foregoing and in 

 this country grows 5. americana and its large fruited 

 variety decora, possibly the most beautiful of all. 



The flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) appre- 

 ciated as one of the most beautiful of native trees 

 of small size is also strikingly handsome in the fall 



Pyiacantha crenulata, a new Chinese Evergreen Thorn. 

 Hardy in Massachusetts 



when laden with its scarlet teat-like fruits in close 

 heads. The Old World Cornus mas bears red, 

 cherry-like fruits hence its vernacular name, Cor- 

 nelian Cherry. There is a variety of 

 this (xanthocarpa) with yellow fruit. 



The English Holly (Ilex Aquifolium) 

 with its bright red berries and shining 

 green leaves and so celebrated in 

 poetry and folk-lore is not hardy 

 around Boston, Mass., but further 

 south it may be grown and there is no 

 more beautiful evergreen tree. Among 

 its very numerous varieties is one 

 (fructiduteo) with yellow fruits. The 

 native Holly (/. opaca) with dull green 

 leaves is a hardier but inferior tree 

 from an ornamental viewpoint. The 

 native Black Alder or Winterberry (/. 

 verlicillata) , its ally I. laevigata and 

 the Japanese /. Sieboldii are hardy 

 shrubs with deciduous leaves and 

 strikingly beautiful with their clusters 

 of scarlet fruits. Of the Winterberry 

 there is a variety (chrysocarpa) with 

 yellow fruits and of /. Sieboldii a 

 variety (fructu albo) with white fruits. 

 Closely allied to these is the Moun- 

 tain Holly (Nemopanlhus mucronatus) 

 a common shrub in the swampy woods 

 of New England with dull crimson 

 fruits on slender stalks and neat 

 foliage. 



A very attractive small tree is the 

 Chinese Evonymus Bungeanus which 



bears in great profusion 

 stalked clusters of pink 

 capsules. There are sev- 

 eral other Spindletrees 

 with pinkish or reddish 

 fruits and one that 

 ought to be in every 

 garden is E. alatus, a 

 native of the Far East. 

 This is a large, wide- 

 spreading shrub with 

 corky-winged branches 

 and red fruits, and the 

 leaves assume in autumn 

 intense shades of red 

 and crimson. 



The lime-loving Buf- 

 faloberry (Shepherdia 

 argentea) and 5. can- 

 adensis, and their allies 

 the Sea Buckthorn 

 (Hippo phae rhamnoides) 

 and the Oleasters, of 

 which the hardiest are 

 Elaeagnus longipes, E. 

 umbellala, E. mulliflora, 

 and E. angustifolia 

 which is a slender tree 

 with silvery Willow-like 

 leaves, are a group of 

 fascinating plants 

 worthy of the widest 

 recognition. 



Provided they be given sufficient room to de- 

 velop no shrubs are more beautiful in fruit than the 

 Bush Honeysuckles of which there are a great 

 variety. The best with red fruits hails from the 

 Old World and none is more handsome than Loni- 

 cera Morrowii, native of northern Japan. This is a 

 fairly large growing shrub with spreading branches 

 and bears in enormous quantities bright crimson 

 berries which ripen in early July and remain on the 

 branches until winter. The common Tatarian 

 Honeysuckle (L. tatarica), which ranges from south- 

 ern Russia to central Asia and of which there are 

 many varieties, still remains one of the best. 

 Another old and valuable species is L. Ruprechtiana 

 native of north-east continental Asia. Others are 

 L. Xylosteum with wine-colored fruits, native of 

 Europe, Asia Minor and western Siberia and L. 

 chrysantha, with lustrous crimson fruits, from 

 north-eastern Asia. These five species have long 

 been in cultivation in Europe and this country and 

 have given rise to numerous hybrids more beautiful 

 even than themselves. Among the best of these 

 with red fruits are L. muscaviensis and L. muen- 

 deniensis. The first originated in a nursery at 

 Muskau in Silesia from seeds received from the 

 Petrograd Botanic Gardens and is considered to be 

 a hybrid between L. Ruprechtiana and L. Morrowii. 

 It is a large shrub twelve feet high and more in 



Among trees Phellodendron sachalenense is conspicuous for its ornamental effect in leaf and 

 bears conspicuous black fruit in winter 



One of the most attractive of the newer Barberries is Berberis Wilsonae which bears freely 

 round, salmon red berries 



diameter with arching and spreading branches and 

 masses of crimson fruits which ripen early in July. 

 The second is a mixture of L. tatarica, L. Morrowii 

 and L. Ruprechtiana which originated in the Botanic 

 Garden at Muenden in central Germany. It is also 

 a large shrub with erect-spreading branches, rather 

 small leaves and scarlet berries. 



Smaller growing plants with spreading and 

 drooping branches and bright scarlet fruits are L. 

 thibelica, L. syringinantha and its variety Wolfii 

 from western China. Two other handsome sorts 

 which ripen their dark scarlet fruits late in the fall 

 are L. Maackii from north-eastern Asia and its 

 variety podocarpa from central and western China. 

 These are large shrubs ten to fifteen feet tall and as 

 much in diameter. 



Many kinds of Barberry have red fruits but none 

 is more handsome than the native Berberis cana- 

 densis with pendent masses of scarlet fruits. Almost 

 equally beautiful is the allied B. vulgaris. The 

 crimson fruits of the favorite B. Thunbergii, which 

 are borne singly from the leaf-axils, are very attrac- 

 tive and so too are the racemose, salmon-red fruits 

 of B. sinensis and the red fruits of the vigorous grow- 

 ing B. Regeliana. A low-growing and decidedly 

 valuable plant for rockeries in particular is the new 

 B. Wilsonae from the Chino-Thibetan borderland, 

 which bears globose, brilliant salmon-red fruits. 



The Highbush Cranberry (Vi- 

 burnum americanum) is one of the 

 most conspicuous of red-fruited na- 

 tive shrubs and in this respect is more 

 ornamental than its close allies V. 

 Opulus from Europe and V. Sargentii 

 from north-eastern Asia. Two Jap- 

 anese species (V. Wrightii and V. dili- 

 tatum), both medium sized shrubs, 

 ought to be grown for their lovely 

 fruits. The red-fruited Elderberry 

 (Sambucus racemosa) is also a desir- 

 able shrub especially for planting in 

 moist places and by the sides of 

 ponds. A variety of this (Sieboldi- 

 ana) grows in northern Japan and as 

 I saw it in August 1014, I thought it 

 the finest of the native shrubs in fruit. 

 The Old World genus Cotoneaster 

 includes some of the most beautiful of 

 all berried plants and many of them 

 are suitable for rockeries. From 

 China, which is the headquarters of 

 the genus, gardens have recently 

 received many valuable additions. 

 Among the best are the low-growing 

 C. horlzontalis, its small-leaved var- 

 iety perpusilla, C. adpressa and the 

 trailing C. Dammeri; of the moderate 

 sized species, C. disticha, C. divaricata, 

 C. nitens, C. hupehensis, C. mulliflora, 



