222 



THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 



December, 1905 



temperatures, they curl up for their own 

 protection. 



The holly (Ilex opaca) is very striking, with 

 its dark green foliage and bright red berries. 

 It is grown successfully up to latitude 41 . 

 The berries retain their color through the 

 winter. The ashberry mahonia (Berberis 

 Aquifoliiim) is a very good evergreen shrub, 

 and its foliage is valuable for table decora- 

 tion. Its yellow flowers are attractive in 

 springtime. The mahonia makes a charming 

 border to a clump of rhododendrons, and is 



exactly in place along the belt-sheltered 

 winter walk. The foliage becomes somewhat 

 marred by early spring. 



Among deciduous shrubs not half enough is 

 made of the wild black alder {Ilex verticillata) . 

 It loses its leaves late in autumn and reveals 

 its wealth of brilliant scarlet berries, which 

 retain their wondrous beauty past midwinter. 



Of bulbs, the autumn crocus (Colchicum 

 autumnale) brightens the November days, 

 while the snowdrops and the common 

 crocus should border the sheltered winter 



walks, to greet us with "Spring is here." 

 There are many other trees and shrubs 

 that may be advantageously used for winter 

 effect, as the English ivy, anywhere south of 

 New York and in favored localities farther 

 north. It is better suited to trees and 

 rocks than to house walls. But we have 

 named enough to indicate how many may be 

 used. Fortunate are they who have country 

 places for winter enjoyment, doubly fortunate 

 they who have eyes that make the most of 

 winter's charms. 



Trees and Shrubs for Color in Winter 



SELECTIONS OF THE BEST KINDS THAT WILL GIVE COMFORT ABOUT THE HOME ON ACCOUNT OF THE COLOR 

 EFFECT OF THEIR FRUIT OR BARK. BY LEADING PARK SUPERINTENDENTS, LANDSCAPE GARDENERS AND OTHERS 



Compiled from information supplied by John Dunbar, J. W. Duncan, J. Jensen, H. J. Kochler, E. Mische, C. J. Molloy, J. W. Oliver, P. j. Berckmans, and E. N, Reasoner. 

 The Latin name is given here so as to insure accuracy in the identity of the plants in question. 



I. PLANTS GROWN FOR THEIR 

 FRUIT 



SCARLET FRUITS — TREES 



Ilex opaca can generally be relied upon 

 to hold its fruits until after Christmas, 

 but even that drops its berries in Western 

 New York (Rochester). Ilex verticillata 

 is the only tree or shrub that can be 

 relied upon in that section to carry its red 

 berries over Christmas. Pyracantha coccinea 

 is good south of New England. In . the 

 South: Ilex Dahoon, Cornns florida, Arbutus 

 Unedo, Rhus typhina, and Rhamnus Caro- 

 liniana. 



SCARLET FRUITS — SHRUBS 



Berberis Thunbergii, Sibirica and vulgaris. 

 Benzoin oderifermn. Celastrus orbiculatus. 

 Ilex verticillata, opaca and laevigata. Loni- 

 cera bella, var. albida, and var. Candida. 

 Lonicera Ru prechtiana . Pyracantha coccinea 

 (not reliably hardy in New England). Rosa 

 rugosa , multiflora and setigera . Rh us typhina. 

 Symphoricarpos vulgaris. 



For the South: Ardisia crenulata. Rhus 

 copallina. 



YELLOW FRUITS 



Cydonia Japonica and Maulei. Eriobotrya 

 Japonica. Hippophae rhamnoides. Ilex ver- 

 ticillata, var. jructii luted.. Melia Azedarach. 

 Viburnum Opidus. 



GRAY FRUITS 



Clethra alnifolia. Cornus candiaissima. 

 Elaagnus angustifolia. Fagus jerruginea. 

 Myrica cerifera. 



WHITE FRUITS 



Symphoricarpos racemosus and occidentalis 

 (the snowberries), are well known for their 

 white fruits. Of other plants there are white- 

 fruited varieties of the common privet and 

 of callicarpa. 



For the South only, Sapium sebiferum and 

 Ardisia crenulata, var. alba. 



ORANGE FRUITS 



Citrus trifoliata. Cydonia Japonica. Cra- 

 taegus orientalis. Duranta Plumieri (large 



evergreen shrub, for the extreme South only). 

 Ilex aquifoliiim, var. fructo aurantiaco. 

 Lonicera Morrowi. Pyracantha coccinea, 

 var. Lalandi. Rosa pendulina, Arkansana, 

 acicularis and blanda. Sapindus margin- 

 atus. 



BLUE AND BLUISH FRUITS 



Callicarpa purpurea and Americana. Cor- 

 nus sanguinea . J uni per us Virginia na. Ber- 

 beris Japonicum and Aqitifolium. Viburnum 

 nudum and dentatum. 



For the South: Aralia spinosa. Nyssa 

 sylvatica. Symphoricarpos vulgaris, var. 

 glomeratus. Primus maritima (rose purple). 



BLACK FRUITS 



Crataegus Douglasi and nigra. Ligustrum 

 vulgaris, Ibota and Regelianum. Sambucus 

 Canadensis. Viburnum rugosum and Lentago. 

 Rhamnus cathartica and Dahurica. 



For the South: Rhamnus lanceolata. Vi- 

 burnum priinifolium, acerifolium and pubes- 

 cens. Ardisia polycephala and Pickeringi. 

 Ilex glabra. 



VINES FOR WINTER FRUIT 



Cocculus Carolinus (bright red berries all 

 winter). Celastrus scandens and paniculatus 

 (yellow and red). Euonymus radicans 

 (yellow and red). Gaultheria procumbens 

 (scarlet) . Lycium halimifolium and Chinense 

 (red). Mitchella repens (red). Rhus Toxi- 

 codendron (gray). 



II. PLANTS GROWN FOR THEIR 

 BARK 



In growing for winter effect it should be 

 remembered that the color is invariably 

 brighter on the young growths, and for that 

 reason severe pruning — even to the extent 

 of cutting right down to the ground — is often 

 desirable. This extreme will be resorted to 

 only close to the house, where the shrubberies 

 are regarded very much in the light of flower 

 beds. 



GRAY OR WHITISH TREES 



Acer Pennsylvanicum (white and green). 

 Betula popuh folia, alba, var. pendula laciniata 



and papyri 'f era. Cornus candidissima. Dier- 

 villa florida. Deutzia gracilis. Fagus jerru- 

 ginea. Hydrangea quercifolia. Juglans ci- 

 nerea. Lonicera Tartarica. Magnolia glauca. 

 Oxydendrum arboreum. Philadelphia Gor- 

 donianus. Populus alba, canescens, grandi- 

 dentata, tremula and tremuloides. Symphori- 

 carpos racemosus. 



BRIGHT GREEN TWIGS 



Acer Pennsylvanicum. Citrus trifoliata. 

 Euonymus Europceus and atropurpureus. 

 Fraxinus lanceolata. Jasminum nudiflorum 

 (not reliably hardy). Kerria Japonica. 

 Laurus Sassafras (young shoots). Parkin- 

 sonia aculeata. Salix pentandra. Sterculia 

 platanifolia. 



RED BARK 



Betula nigra. Cornus stolonifera, Sibirica 

 sanguinea, Amonum, florida and circinata. 

 Rosa lucida. Salix vitellina, var. Britzensis, 

 palmaefolia, purpurea and alba. Tilia pla- 

 typhyllos, var. rubra. 



YELLOW BARK 



Cornus stolonifera, var. flaviramea. For- 

 sythia suspensa, var. Fortunei, viridissima 

 and intermedia. Fraxinus excelsior, var. 

 aurea. Kerria Japonica, var. aureo-viltatis. 

 Rosa lucida, var. alba. Salix vittellina, var. 

 aurea. Salix Babylonica, var. aurea, alba and 

 pentandra. 



III. FOR WINTER FOLIAGE AND 

 FLOWER 



DECIDUOUS FOLIAGE THAT LASTS UNTIL 

 CHRISTMAS 



In the North : Red and scarlet oak, occa- 

 sionally, also young trees of English oak, 

 young trees of European beech (Fagus syl- 

 vatica), and at times the American beech 

 (F '. ferruginea) . Quercus alba (brown). Lig- 

 ustrum ovalifolium and Sinense ; Lonicera 

 Halleana (greenish). 



For the South: Berberis Thunbergii. 

 Primus Pissardi (red). Liquidambar styra- 

 ciflua (yellow) . Rosmarinus officinalis ; Tam- 

 arix juniperina ; Quercus Virginiana and 

 Phellos (greenish). 



