ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESULTS. 399 



expédition (1910) discovered in the same period traces of those little men at the Upper- 

 Sepik (Kaiserin Augusta-river) and ten years later the German captain DETZNER reports 

 [31 ] on his four-year cruise through the New-Guinean jungle, — avoiding the Australian 

 army — , about short-set long-bearded men on the Anglo-German borderline, although it 

 must be said that the rest of his description does not very well correspond with what is 

 known about the tribes mentioned above. The most Western track of the typical centre-man 

 was found in the mountainous hinterland of Geelvink-Bay by the Dutch Military Explora- 

 tion. Of course it could not surprise me to find a short-statured people on the various slopes 

 of the central ranges that were visited by our youngest enterprise. 



Indeed none of the inland expéditions ever revealed tall- or even medium-statured 

 people, and so we may take it for granted that the high mountains in the heart of New- 

 Guinea are inhabited by an anthropological species ') of a very small height. 



But, if we might déclare that in those régions the tall Papuans were absent, the little 

 men are not absent at the coast ! In the second half of the nineteenth century A. B. MEYER 

 has given as the average standing-height of the Papuans of Geelvink-Bay 153,7 cm - > m 1 9°4- 

 KOCH stated on 10 inhabitants of Fak-Fak (the Western point of the Bird's Head) a stand, 

 height of 155,7 cm - an d on 5 Aroe-islanders — one dominion with Western New-Guinea — 

 a stand, height of 155,3 cm - At Geelvink-Bay at least, there seems to be no question about 

 any Malay admixture ; for both the other groups this can however not be excluded. 



For the islands near the Eastern end I found denoted by Seligmann 155,5 cm - f° r 

 10 Tube-Tube men, 153. — cm. for 15 Fergusson-men and 155,7 cm - f° r ' S Marshall-Bennett 

 islanders. Hère we are arrived at the régions of the Papuo-Melanesians, so in those of a 

 mixed population ; however neither the Polynesians — who are even very long — nor the 

 Melanesians are of such a short stature. 



In the third place the little Papuans are found in the mountainous régions directly 

 behind the North-coast of the former German part. Poch [150 — 153] referred to the pigmoïd 

 Kaï in the Finschharbour-peninsula in 1905 already, and SCHLAGINHAUFEN [186] gave in 

 1914 a serious study on the small Torricelli-mountaineers. The Kai seem to hâve an off-shoot 

 to the coast in the Poum, already described bij Schellong in 1891. 



Corning to a first conclusion, I feel induced to state that a small élément is an essen- 

 tial part of the population of New-Guinea in its whole extent. 



Looking closer at the figures, we find ail values between 148,7 cm. to 155,7 cm. repre- 

 sented. It may be of some use to state that in the immédiate vicinity of the extremely small 

 Kamaweka (148,7 cm., 11 persons, Strong) are found the Kovio with 154,2 cm. (8 persons, 

 Strong) and the Mafulu with 155,1 cm. (20 persons, Williamson) and also that the explorer of 

 the two first tribes measured 7 Mafulu on an average of 151,3 cm. So the largest number 

 of those people is showing the highest mean, a peculiarity, repeatedly met with in anthro- 

 pometry 2 ). Undoubtedly there will be a relatively large number of persons below 150 cm. 

 among those three tribes, but the figures given above, make it clear that it is by no means 

 justified to conclude on a principal différence between Kamaweka and Mafulu, though the 



1) Of course species is not meant in the zoôlogical sensé of the wovd. 



2) Poch measured 50 Kai on 152,5 cm.; NeuhaUSS (Keyser) 273 Kai on 153,9 cm. [135]. 



