ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESULTS. 407 



an Ind. Ceph. of 73,8 for the tribes on the Ray-(or Macklay) coast. Twenty skulls of the 

 borders of the Flyriver — the mouth excluded — , brought home by D'ALBERTIS, appeared to 

 vary between 6j,J and 71.1 [198]. And after ail, more récent investigation pointed to the 

 dolichocephaly as being a quality of the typical, tall, hook-nosed Papuans of the English 

 and Dutch territories. However, many explorers also reported mesocephaly and even brachy- 

 cephaly. To form a good idea of the areas of the various head-indices I made another map '). 

 It appeared that ail the values between 71 and 83 were represented, but just as in the 

 standing-height, I could readily distinguish an area with an average of 75 and lower and one 

 of 81 and higher, between which the bulk of the tribes showed figures round 78. It was by 

 mère accident that my three groups were exactly corresponding with dolicho-, meso- and 

 brachycephaly. I indicated them in blue, yellow and red. 



Before studying the map, an observation must be made on the relation between the 

 cephalic and the cranial index. According to RUDOLPH MARTIN's manual the value of the 

 Ind. cephalicus is 1 à 1.5 higher than that of the Ind. cranialis. For the Marshall-Bennett 

 Islands I find in the literature [198] Ind. ceph. 80 (15 heads) and Ind. cran, y/ (35 skulls); 

 so we state a différence of 3 units. For Murua the facts are less simple. SERGI gives 79 for 

 37, DUCKWORTH 75 for 40 skulls, while SELIGMANN gives 80,5 for 6 heads, so more than 

 3 units higher than the mean of ail the skulls together. Ail authors agrée on the cranial 

 index concerning the d'Entrecasteaux Archipelago as being 73, the ceph. index however is 

 denoted on 75 — j6 — JJ. Consequently, the facts are pleading for a différence between Ind. 

 ceph. and Ind. cran, of 3 units. Transferring this on the more than 200 studied skulls of the 

 Dutch territory, with an average Ind. cran, of + 72.5, we come to an Ind. ceph. of 75.5, 

 which was found by KoCH exactly as that of the South-coast tribes. It may however not 

 be forgotten that on the North- as well as on the South-coast and on the shores of the Pa- 

 puan Gulf ceph. indices of 72 occur in the living; that HADDON calculated on 14 Daudai 

 skulls an Ind. cran, of 71,2, while STRONG gives an Ind. ceph. of 71 on 11 living men ; that SELIG- 

 MANN found for 10 skulls of Milne-Bay an Ind. cran, of 73 and for 10 men an Ind. ceph. of 

 74, and that this Milne-Bay is not far from the d'Entrecasteaux Archipelago, in the neigh- 

 bourhood of which the Ind. cran, should be j^. So it appears that the différence between the 

 head- and the skull-index may be less than 3 units or even nearly absent. But I called the 

 attention to the greater différence because it is surprising that some five hundred skulls are 

 showing a high grade of dolichocephaly, the reflection of which is far less striking in the living. 



Let us now hâve a look on the map. The central tribes belong with their ceph. index 

 78 — 80,75 to the mesocephalic division. Only the Goliath-pigmies are denoted with 83,4, but 

 though appreciating the activity of the explorers, we need not attach too much importance 

 to this average measure of 12 men, taken during some short visits. (DE KoCK, Dutch 

 Milit. Explor.) Most of the tribes of the North-coast also figure with mesocephalic values, 

 and so do most of the groups of the Eastern peninsula and the Eastern Archipelagoes, 

 moreover the men of Fak-Fak and those of the Aroe-Islands in the West. On the contrary 

 the South-coast is also showing in this quality its peculiar character: dolichocephaly is pre- 

 vailing there. However, the long heads are présent in other parts of New-Guinea too: on the 



1) The map (B) is to be found at the end and can be folded out. 



