ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESULTS. 42 I 



coast, thèse people are living at a rather short distance from the sea; more to the East it 

 is a long way to reach their habitations. However, in the régions near the Anglo-Dutch 

 frontier (141 E. L.), just between the large plains of the Mamberamo (Idenburgriver) and 

 the Kaiserin-Augusta River, lower mountains connect the central ranges with the North-coast 

 and it seems that there the anthropological as well as the ethnological peculiarities of the 

 little centre-men come close to the coast too, of course more or less mixed up with the 

 qualifies of the coast-people. The Dutch Military Exploration revealed on the Upper-Mam- 

 beramo (Idenburgriver) in the lower mountains mentioned above, tribes, where the gourd 

 penis-case (the pear- or egg-shaped model) was seen ; the same cases are knovvn of the Sko- 

 coast (SCHULTZE, NEUHAUSS, a. o.) and its hinterland (Van DER Sande, Dutch Military 

 Exploration). The standing-height in those régions is not high, SCHLAGINHAUFEN found there 

 his pigmoid Torricelli-Mountaineers and stated a certain degree of anthropological resemblance 

 with the Leitere-Papuans on the sea-side. After ail there is but little doubt that hère in the 

 borderland is to be found the ethno-anthropological line of communication between the centre 

 and the coast. 



ANTHROPOMETRICAL REFLECTIONS. 



My anthropométrie practice together with the study of the work of others, readily 

 give me an opportunity of making some remarks concerning anthropometry, which may find 

 their place after the two chapters consecrated principally to metric considérations. 



Measuring the living man is liable to many inexactitudes. For most of the measures 

 thèse may be kept within certain limits; but for those measures, in which the military bearing 

 of the objects is of prominent importance — as there are the height of shoulders and hips 

 and the length of arms and legs — they may take, especially with primitive tribes, such 

 proportions that the value of the results becomes very problematic. However, also the taking 

 of the simpler measures is far from being easy. Anyhow it demands knowledge of the human 

 body, a great deal of patience and moreover love for the work. Without those qualities trust- 

 worthy results cannot be expected. You can ask a traveller to collect "en passant" some 

 plants or stones, or to shoot some animais, after having given him the necessary inquiries, 

 but you cannot ask him to take measurements on the people he is likely to meet with, even 

 if he were willing to do so. 



The very disagreeable conséquence of this state of affairs is that one is often in doubt, 

 whether one may trust the figures or not. I mentioned in Chapter II, pg. 411, that the 

 deviating head-length of the Pesegem was very surprising. My astonishment increased, when 

 I passed to the comparison of the face-measurements [13]. The face-length of the Pesegem 

 differed little from what I had found for the Timorini, but the bizygom. width, being 123,4 mm. 

 was 14 mm. smaller than what I had stated in Swart-valley. Moreover, in the table showing 

 the comparison with other tribes, the Tapiro-pigmies were denoted with a bizygom. width 

 of 113,2 mm. From the figures of that list I calculated the concerning facial indices on 91,77 

 and 97,9, thus approaching the border of hyperleptoprosopy ! As far as regards the Tapiro 

 this nearly impossible value proved indeed to be due to an error. In examining the book of 

 WOLLASTON, it appeared that the facial breadth was 130,5 mm. and that it was only the 



