426 H. J. T. BIJLMER 



colour, in some instances sunburned on top to a reddish brown". MARTIN alludes to a reddish 

 shimmer on the hair of the Semang when light falls on it and Skeat says, it is brownish 

 black [238]. 



On the other hand the information on the hairiness of the face are less concurring 

 and do not admit to consider the Negritoes as a hairy race. Man [104a] states about the 

 Andamanese that they are beardless, vvhile neither shaving nor expilation is practised. Martin 

 vvrites about the Semang that hair is scanty on face and body. R.EED says about the Negritoes 

 of Zambales: "Beard is very scanty, though ail adult maies hâve some beard". On the contrary, 

 WORCESTOR states [238] that the men often hâve abundant beards and a thick growth of hair 

 on the arras, chest and legs. In this connection we may not forget that REED states himself 

 that the tribes he saw, vvere not free from Malay blood. But for the rest, the little degree 

 of hairiness need not cause too much surprise, as the great Melanoderms, with whom one is 

 inclined to suppose a certain original relationship, also possess that quality. 



According to their stature under 150 cm. the Negritoes are counted among the pigmies. 

 How far one is entitled to do so, vvill be discussed in the following chapter. It is a pity that 

 the stand, height of 144,5 cm -> w hich A. B. MEYER recorded from the Negritoes of the Philip- 

 pines in 1874, probably cannot be confirmed anymore in récent times, the pure tribes having 

 nearly disappeared. Anyhow their length is very small indeed. 



The Negritoes cannot be denied a tendency to brachycephaly. VON MlKLUCHO-MACLAY 

 [103] who, also in 1874, for 20 Aeta fixed a cephalic index of 87,5 — go, attached only a 

 relative value to that brachycephaly. The 16 Negritoes, measured by REED, averaged 82,2. 

 For the Andamanese SCHLAGINHAUFEN [191] gives a cephalic index of 82 — 83, but for the 

 Semang has been found only 78 — 79. The question rises, how thèse values are going to change, 

 .when researches on a larger scale will be made ; moreover the corrélation between short 

 standing-height and short head-length (Martin p. 663) may not be left outof considération 

 (see also Chapter IV). 



A low broad face with strong chamaerrhiny and a deep abruptly re-entering nose-root 

 may further be considered as characteristics of the Negritoes. The typical nose-root I reported 

 of the Timorini and that, according to the already mentioned photo's is also characteristic 

 for the Australians, I found back on différent photo's of Reed's Negrito-study. MARTIN writes 

 about the Semang ". . . . die Nasenwurzel gleichsam tief unter die Stirn geschoben" and Haddon 

 states about the Andamanese "nose much sunken at the root". 



To realize the distribution of the différent somatic qualifies on the races, with which 

 the Papuans are said to be related, I made the following tentative drawing. 



On three segments of a circle I put the three principal races that hâve contributed 

 to the composition of the Austro-Asiatic peoples. Thèse three éléments — Caucasian, Mon- 

 golian and Négritie — , correspond with the Leuko- Xanto- and Melanoderms: thus the three 

 chief parts of humanity appear to hâve met in Oceania. After having designed them in resp. 

 red, yellow and blue, I analysed each of them in its characteristic qualifies. I took as such : 

 i° colour, 2 hairform, 3 hairiness, 4 standing height, 5 form of nose and face, and 6° cephalic 

 index. I thought it justified to characterize the Caucasians as i° fair-skinned, 2° lank- or wavy- 

 haired, 3 hairy, 4 apt to tall stature, 5° with well-cut face and narrow nose and 6° inclined 

 to dolichocephaly ; the Negritoes as i° dark, 2° crisp-haired, 3 not hairy, 4 small, 5 chamaer- 



