430 H. J. T. BIJLMER 



between the Mongolians and the Caucasians, and next to the Mongolian physiognomy 

 there also appears the European type ; nevertheless the primitive features are not 

 missing either. 



The in this way schematically developed drawing that tries to reduce the Oceanic 

 mixture to the three chief éléments, before having recourse to creating new races, appears to 

 be fairly well according with the already existing théories. 



A. B. MEYER and VON MiklucHO-Maclay provide us with important évidence as to 

 the identity of Negritoes and Papuans; important, since it seems to me that proper contem- 

 plation also in anthropology is not surpassed by any other method of investment. After having 

 visited the Philippines and the Molucca's, and meeting with a group of Papuans, MEYER 

 stated that the latter "in their external habitus at least" [i 18, 103] resembled the Negritoes 

 he had seen before. In the same way V. M. MACLAY expressed himself in visiting the Philip- 

 pines after New-Guinea. "The first glance was sufficient for me to recognize the Negritoes 

 as a race . . . indentical with the Papuans", and he adds that taking photo's had sharpened 

 his outlook on somatical resemblances. Both maintained the identity notwithstanding the 

 différence in stature and cephalic index, which they considered to be liable to great variability. 

 The later investments hâve, as for the Papuans, certainly not put them in the wrong. How- 

 ever, their conception has found little belief, which is probably for the greater part caused 

 by the fact that the tall, hook-nosed, South-coast Papuan has always stood up as a type. 

 Once the Tapiro discovered, their chances ameliorated and now that a more complète 

 investigation has shown the generality of the mesocephalic, rather small, euryprosope and 

 chamaerrhine Papuans, one feels, how clear their insight might hâve been. The possibility, if 

 not the obviousness of their conception is fairly illustrated in my scheme. 



The drawing exposes in the same time, how two apparently totally contrasting con- 

 ceptions about the relation between the Papuans and the Polynesians could be formed. 

 WALLACE [227J pushes the Malay élément of the Polynesian race in the back-ground, and 

 says that the latter is "showing a decided prépondérance of Papuan character, that it can 

 best be classified as a modification of the Papuan race". Doubtless this conception affects us 

 strangely and afterwards K.EANE spoke of it as "théories, almost unanimously rejected by 

 sound anthropologists" [226, discussion]. 



Still .WALLACE found convinced advocates, arr.ong whom were two missionaries, Sl'ANI- 

 LAND Wake and BROWN, who had formed their opinion on the spot. The first concluded 

 [226] that a race, belonging to the so-called Caucasian stock, inhabited the Eastern Archipelago 

 and formed the base of the Oceanic peoples: Australians, Tasmanians, Melanesians, Polynesians, 

 Micronesians and Papuans, "the Negritoes having influenced ail of them in various degrees". 

 He did not deny a Mongolian strain in the lighter races. He quotes the words of Topinard 

 (see page 427) on the Australians and adds that he should like to modify the comparison, 

 as according to him the Melanesians are Australians with a Negrito-intermixture. The frizzly 

 hair, sometimes met with among the Australians is to be explained by asuming that the 

 same race, to which both the Tasmanians and Papuans are indebted for their peculiar hair- 

 form, at one time occupied the Australian continent or hâve been in contact with the Australian 

 race", and in a note: "although I still think that the Australian race shows comparatively 

 little trace of Negrito-influence". Further on he says: "The Melanesians are no Negritoes, but 



