ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESULTS. 43 t 



they exhibit at least the effect of a cross with this race of a much more marked character 

 than that which the Australians présent". 



Brown [19] prétends the same as WaKE and regrets that WALLACE in "Australasia" 

 has changed his mind and said : "that the brown Polynesians are equally distinct from both 

 (Malay and Papuans)". Brown came, contrary to his own expectations, to his opinion after 

 having worked for 14 years in Polynesia and then being transferred to Melanesia. 



The above-mentioned Keane [in 19] suggests the brown races of "Malaysia" as con- 

 sisting of the Caucasian and the Mongolian race "variously intermingled, the large brown 

 Eastern Polynesians consisting exclusively of the Caucasian élément". The Melanesians should 

 be born from the cross of Polynesians with authochtone Papuans. FORNANDER calls the Poly- 

 nesians Arians with a Dravidian strain. VON LUSCHAN [in 87] calls the supposition of a 

 genetic relationship between Polynesians and Melanesians — for which idea hâve also fought 

 Fr. MùLLER and GERLAND — , an "Irrlehre". He opposes the lank hair, the light-coloured 

 skin and the brachycephalic skull of the typical Tongga-Polynesian to the crisp hair, the 

 dark skin and the dolichocephalic skull of the typical Melanesian of Fiji and states: "dass 

 grôszere Unterschiede innerhalb des menschlichen Geschlechtes ùberhaupt nicht môglich sind. 

 Irgend eine nahe genetische Verwandschaft zwischen Polynesiër und Melanesiër musz daher 

 mit aller Entschiedenheit abgelehnt werden". But VON LUSCHAN who sees in the Australians 

 a wave of Dravidians, supposes that this stream has also touched Melanesia; consequently he 

 considers the Papuans as an Indo-Australian (Dravidian-Veddaic) stratum, superposed by 

 Melanesians. 



Let us now hâve a look at our scheme. The Malayo-Polynesian race of KEANE is 

 distinctly marked: Malay, Indonesians and Polynesians figure indeed as Caucasians and Mon- 

 golians "variously intermingled". But observing the — also by KEANE emphatically pointed 

 out — dominating Caucasian élément in the Polynesians, an élément that is also obvious in 

 the Papuans, lending them the striking Caucasian seal, so évident for him who cornes from 

 the Malay régions, we understand how the Caucasian base could be taken as a starting-point 

 for the Oceanic race-theory, notwithstanding the différences in colour, hair and head-form. 

 In taking the Mongolian élément as a base, then the non-Mongoloïd but Negroïd Papuan is 

 opposed to the non-Negroïd but somewhat Mongoloïd Polynesian ; in directing us to the 

 Caucasian élément, the relationship between Papuans and Polynesians is not to be denied ; 

 the more, since the Mongolian élément, foreign to the Papuans, does not even belong to the 

 Polynesians without reserve (even according to Keane). 



Regarded in this light, both views that seemed quite opposite, are fairly reconciled, 

 and after ail also VON LUSCHAN is not in the contrary, since he admits an Indo-Dravidian 

 strain in the Papuans. His anthropological — undoubtedly very important — objections are 

 not quite unassailable ; the dark, dolichocephalic, frizzly-haired "West-Indian mulatto and the 

 yellow-brown , brachycephalic, straight-haired Indo-European crossbred show the same 

 différences as his Tongga- and Fiji-Islanders and are nevertheless strongly related, having 

 the European élément in common. 



MEINICKE [113] dissaproves in WALLACE of his totally setting apart the Malay. He 

 will not separate the Polynesians from the Melanesians, but he cannot possibly part with the 

 Malay élément in the Polynesians. He concludes to bringing together ail Oceanians to one 



