432 H. J. T. BIJLMER 



group [exactly the opinion of STANILAND Wake, page 430]. Considering the Caucasian 

 élément, also this conception is shown in my scheme. 



HAGEN [61] thinks it désirable to construct a new race, brown and wavy-haired, for 

 which first of ail would be characterizing the euryprosopy and the chamaerrhiny as it is 

 found especially in the Dravido-Australians and many Papuans and that is emerging every- 

 where in the Malay and Polynesian Archipelagoes. This race should be locally modified by 

 Mongolian, Arian and Negroid influences. I ask myself if this new race is necessary. Is the 

 above-mentioned shape of face and nose not quite that of the Négritie type and could not 

 the Arian influence hâve made of thèse Negritoes wavy-haired Dravidians ? (or if you like 

 pre-Dravidians (Vedda etc.) who from this point of view may be considered as a Negrito- 

 Caucasian mixture of older date and other quantitative composition than the récent Dravidians). 

 HAGEN is very vague concerning the place of the Negritoes in his System. 



There has always been a wide gulf between Papuans and Australians. However, on 

 the South coast of New-Guinea there has often been signalled an Australian type. SCHELLONG 

 who points out important différences with the Australians, finishes his essay [184] in saying: 

 "Somatisch betrachtet, làsst sich eine gewisse Ubereinstimmung des Papua mit dem Austral- 

 neger nicht von der Hand weisen". HaGEN states that the Papuans of the Bismarck-Archipelago 

 hâve much resemblance with the Australians — he finds even no reason to exclude them 

 from the Melanesian jumble — and Finsch seems to hâve said the same. PÔCH writes [145]: 

 "Von Deutsch-Neu-Guinea fuhr ich nach Australien und sah im Clarence-District noch eine 

 Anzahl reinrassiger Neu-Siidwales Eingeborener. Ich will nur sagen, dasz sie mit ihren strafien 

 oder flachwelligen Haaren, den bedeutend vorspringenden Augenbrauenbogen und den ihnen 

 eigentiimlichen Nasenform fiir mich einen Gegensatz zu den in Neu-Guinea gesehenen Vôlker- 

 schaften bilden. Bei den Annahme einer Verwandtschaft, die wegen den geographischen Lage 

 und manches Kulturbesitzes sehr nahe liegt (spacing out from myself), musz man wohl 

 eine sehr fruhe Trennung und das Hinzutreten eines neuen Elementes fur die Papuas in 

 Auspruch nehmen." 



Thus, in spite of ail, the bond between Papuans and Australians is not loosened. I 

 mentioned already, how VON LUSCHAN and also Stan. Wake impose to the Indo-Australoïds 

 a rôle in New-Guinea, and how both and many others assign to the Negritoes a rôle, though 

 a small one, in Australia. However, the latter does not appear to me as strictly necessary, 

 as the Negrito-element might hâve been présent already in the Dravidians. That the Australians 

 are nevertheless no Dravidians, might be ascribed to a very one-sided development in their 

 total isolation in difficult circumstances. But the Dravidian wave, pushing South-East from 

 the British-Indies, will probably hâve found Negritoes, if not in Australia, then in the Mela- 

 nesian territory. Imagining that this régions were fairly populated and that the Dravidians 

 brought already a Négritie élément with them, it does not surprise that this élément, after 

 crossing with pure Negritoes, should become dominating as it seems to be the case indeed 

 in many Papuans and primitive Melanesians (Baining, New Hebridians). Fortunately the 

 lank hair, the great stumbling-block in this question, is not wholly failing in New-Guinea 

 (of course I don't mean that, due to Polynesian influence). And it is perhaps not accidentally 

 that concerning the Buka's, inhabiting the same régions, from where Parkinson signalled the 

 wavy hair, HaGEN puts to the front the resemblance with the Indian Tamils [61]. 



