ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESULTS. 435 



a race, for under those circumstances their is a great opportunity for one-sided development. 

 The Anda.manese average 149,2 cm., so they are only on the verge of Pigmy-stature. The 

 Aeta average 147,2 cm. (Diagr. XXV; I thought it necessary to eliminate the men under 

 18 years old and obtained therefore a somewhat higher figure than REED). Notwithstanding 

 that low measure Reed states that they are not pure-blooded. But he also writes : "They 

 maintain their half-starved (spac. by myself) lives by the fruits of the chase " 



Honesty commands to concède that the Pigmy, typified by a stature, markedly lower 

 than that of the other members of mankind, has not yet got a foothold in anthropology and 

 that his chances thereto hâve not improved. 



However, if \ve hâve to take the "Pigmy" cum grano salis, not so the Negrito: his 

 existance is a matter of fact. Half a century ago, ALLEN [3] already showed us, hovv ancient 

 history repaetedly refers to Negroes in Southern-Asia and far more Eastward (sacred Books 

 of Hindoos, Negrito-features in Hindoo-idols, etc.). It has already been mentioned in the 

 preceding chapter, how the little Negro figures as an élément of the Dravidian and Australian 

 peoples. The Negrito-element in Papuans, Melanesians and Tasmanians is hardly denied. But 

 what the typical représentative of the Negrito-race was like, that is difficult to establish. The 

 Indian Negro, which LAPICQUE [see 213] builds up as "relatively short, much taller however 

 than the Andamanese, and with a cephalic index of 75 — 76", might as well be the right type 

 as the short brachycephalic Negrito of the Philippines. Several authors hâve pointed to the 

 possibility that the latter, by their secular isolation in small islands, may hâve evolved in 

 their own way. For the rest SCHLAGINHAUFEN showed us cleaily that the Negrillo-Negritic 

 brachycephaly is not very pronounced. But moreover it has been stated several times that 

 tendency to brachycephaly is in direct corrélation with dwarfish stature. SCHLAGINHAUFEN 

 remarks this emphatically in his already mentioned pigmy-study and says to hâve found 

 this corrélation also in New-Guinea, which corresponds with my own expérience. SCHLAGIN- 

 HAUFEN finishes as follows: "Die Brachycephalie ist also offenbar ein Merkmal, das der Klein- 

 wùchsigkeit eo ipso anhaftet und sich daher als Mittel zum Nachweis der Einheitlichkeit der 

 Pigmàen nicht gut eignet." We may of course not infer from this that every low-statured 

 tribe must be brachycephalic, but only that eventually existing brachycephaly may not be 

 considered as a racial character for them. 



LaPICQUE's lower cephalic index has two great advantages : firstly it is more in harmony 

 with that of the other Melanoderms and secondly the tendency to brachycephaly appears to 

 be not great in ail the races, to which Négritie influence has been ascribed — Tasmanians, 

 Melanesians, Papuans, Australians, Dravidians — . New-Guinea is not in the least an obstacle to 

 LaPICQUE's index as there are known low-statured dolicephalic groups in the Western as in 

 the Eastern part (Meyer, Sergi, Seligmann, Haddon). 



Let us not lose ourselves in spéculative considérations, but try to find out how it 

 stands with the Negrito-element in New-Guinea. PûCH [147] stated among the Kai so many 

 small individuals that he felt induced to write : "Man kann das kaum mehr als normale 

 Variationen innerhalb eines einheitlichen Volksstammes ansehen". He mentions that his séries 

 [Diagr. XXV] is not made without sélection, but that the average standing-height of fifty 

 not selected men was 152,5 cm. He is inclined to accept the idea of admixture with a 

 dwarfish race. 



Nova-Guinea VIL 4. Ethnographie. 55 



