ACTINOPTERL 175 



surface. Series of small smooth scales continues lateral line to 

 middle of tail. Fins not well preserved, but pectoral radii remain 

 and are of stout proportions. Dorsal and caudal rays very stout. 

 Length about 143 mm. to probably hind margin of pectoral arch. 

 (From Cope.) 



Cope has pointed out its distinguishing- characters as com- 

 pared with several European fossil forms. 



Formation and locality. Known from, part of the trunk, the 

 type now in the American Museum at New York, having been 

 found in the lower greensand [Navesink marl, K.] of Mon- 

 mouth County (S. Lockwood). Another example was also taken 

 just below the upper greensand in the dark clay marl [Red 

 Bank formation, K.] at Hornerstown, in the same county (J. 

 Meirs), and was in the Marsh collection. I have not seen this 

 species. 



Sub-Order PERCOMORPHI. 



THE PERCH-LIKE FISHES. 



Body variously formed, usually oblong. Head usually com- 

 pressed laterally. Mouth and dentition various, usually ter- 

 minal with lateral cleft. Teeth typically pointed in bands on 

 jaws, vomer and palatines. Premaxillary forming mouth edge, 

 usually protractile. Mandibular bones distinct. Opercular 

 bones well developed, normal. Preopercle typically serrate. No 

 cranial spines. No bony stay connects suborbitals with opercle. 

 Gill-rakers various, usually sharp, stout, dentiferous. Gills 4, 

 slit behind last. Pseudobranchise typically well developed. Gill- 

 membranes usually separate, sometimes joined, rarely attached 

 to isthmus. Branchiostegals few, usually 6 or 7. Eower pharyn- 

 geals mostly separate, usually with cardiform teeth, third upper 

 moderately enlarged, elongate, and not articulated to cranium, 

 and fourth usually present. Air-vessel usually present, without 

 air-duct in adult, simple, generally adheres to abdominal walls. 

 Stomach ccecal, with pyloric appendages. Intestines short in 

 carnivorous forms, long in herbivorous. Shoulder-girdle at- 

 tached to cranium by distinctly forked post-temporal, not adnate 



