1. Bring together the canes 
leaves of soft-wooded trees, e. g. poplars, 
horse-chestnut, and soft maple, for they will 
pack down and smother the plants and 
create that settled dampness which is favor- 
able for the spread of fungous diseases. 
Save every scrap of clean straw and litter 
on the place. This autumn’s leaves can be 
safely used only in the case of oaks and hard 
maples. 
HOW TO PROTECT ROSES 
The one thing everybody wants to have 
is a lot of tea roses or hybrid teas, because 
of their lovely form and their habit of bloom- 
ing intermittently through the summer and 
2. Tie with raffia about every foot 
fall. But alas! they are not hardy enough, 
unless one pays an extra price and gets 
“budded roses,’ i. e. roses that have been 
propagated outdoors instead of in the green- 
house. You cannot have these lovely 
roses unless you give them “straw over- 
coats.” Even the common garden roses, 
or “hybrid perpetuals,” ought to have such 
protection north of Rochester. 
There are two ways of making a straw 
overcoat, both of which are illustrated by 
a complete series of photographs on this 
and the preceeding page. 
When the bushes are small, or you have 
a great many, loosen the soil about roots 
yy 
LI 
: sit A 
3. Arrange straw and tie at top 
slightly, then bend over the plants and cover 
with about four inches of soil. The late 
George H. Ellwanger, who had one of the 
largest and best collections of standard, tea 
and hybrid tea roses in western New York, 
and was most successful in their cultivation, 
always used this method with the addition 
of a A-shaped covering made of two boards 
nailed together, and placed over the plant, 
to shed the water. 
The old way of bending the bush over, 
staking down, and covering with leaves, 
manure, straw, or old carpet, has the disad- 
vantage of affording attractive winter quar- 
ters for mice and other rodents, which, if 
4. Wrap with twine. Tie every eight inches 
Tie low down 
5. Pack well around base. 
HOW TO PUT A STRAW OVERCOAT ON A ROSE BUSH—TOLD 
175 
6. Cut off top and job is done 
IN SIX PHOTOGRAPHS 
