228 
9. No labor to cultivate growing crops where it can be done this way. Push 
forward in a series of short steady strokes 
The shorter the stroke the finer and more 
thorough is the work. 
WHAT EACH ATTACHMENT IS FOR 
Hoes.— For the cultivation of plants 
in close rows the 6-inch hoes (No. 19) are 
used (see Fig. 2). With the hoes reversed 
they can be used for loosening the soil under 
the spreading leaves of lettuce, spinach, etc., 
which is very necessary in hot weather. 
Six-inch and four and a half inch hoes are 
made, and can be used according to the 
space. For cultivating between wide-planted 
rows and for clearing the soil of troublesome 
weeds set the wheels inside the frame, as is 
shown in Fig. 2 (a). The hoes are con- 
structed so that one sets slightly in advance 
of the other — about two inches — which 
prevents rubbish from lodging across them 
and tearing up the plants in the row. 
For edging flower beds and keeping the 
soil loose around a young hedge remove 
one wheel and attach one hoe in line with 
the remaining wheel (Fig. 7). In use 
the hoes move beneath the surface of the 
soil, cutting off all plants in their path, 
and in action and effect are similar to the 
weeding hoe No. 8 and scuffle hoe No. Io 
described in the April GARDEN MAGAZINE. 
The most effective way to kill weeds is by 
a cutting blade rather than by teeth, for if 
its leaf growth is removed as often as it starts 
to grow the plant must die. I believe that, 
persistently used, these hoes will kill any 
weed that grows. 
Plows.— The plows are made without 
land slides. By being set points together 
(Figs. 1 and 8) and only one wheel, they can 
be used to open furrows for sowing peas 
and such like, and by reversing the plows 
(Fig. 6), the furrow can be filled again. 
Set in the same way they will earth up or 
hill peas or beans, and used on one side of 
the row, a single plow is very serviceable 
for throwing soil up to celery preparatory 
to handling. Fig. 5 shows a combination 
of plow and cultivator teeth for this purpose. | 
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 
Rakes.—Vhese are 
the best tools to give 
first cultivation in 
sandy soils. They are 
shown attached in 
Figs. 3 and 4. Their 
principal use, how- 
ever, Is for fining and 
leveling the soil. By 
setting the teeth for- 
ward, they will give 
light cultivation; but 
reversed with the 
teeth pointing back- 
ward, they are valu- 
able for breaking up 
crusted soil and for 
fining and leveling 
the soil after culti- 
vation. If they are 
kept properly clean 
after use, they will 
crush the clods and 
level the surface 
without dragging the 
soil along. ° 
Weeders.— These are shown separately 
and attached to the machine in Fig.1o. The 
five teeth are separate and detachable. 
In working a crusted soil, attach the wheel 
to the rear of either cultivator teeth or hoes 
and they will pulverize and level the soil 
after it is loosened by the cultivators. Thus 
the whole operation is completed by going 
10. The finger-like teeth of the weeders are sep- 
arately detachable. Attached behind hoes or culti- 
vators they leave a fine level surface 
11. The onion harvester is useful also for clearing 
paths and cutting strong weeds 
May, 1908 
over the ground once, whereas if rakes are 
used the ground must be gone over twice. 
Among the seedling plants, however, I do 
not find that they work as well as the rakes, 
although I think that if the teeth were set 
at a different angle they would work just as 
well. This I intend to experiment on this 
year. Where clean cultivation is main- 
tained, they will displace small weeds which 
are immediately killed by the sun. Large 
weeds will be dragged just the same as with 
the rakes. 
Onion harvester— This attachment is 
shown in Fig. 11. It is not often called 
for, but will be found very useful in clearing 
weedy soils and for making paths as well 
as for harvesting onion sets. It can be 
attached to the frame and being made in 
one piece is stiffer than the hoes and works 
admirably in hard soils. I recommend 
its addition to the equipment. 
Care of an Incubator 
‘Ax INCUBATOR is really of great 
assistance to a person in raising 
chickens for commercial purposes, for the 
eggs can be hatched at any season of the 
year. The incubator may be placed in a 
cellar where it can be dry and have a good 
circulation of pure air, or else in a room 
in the house away from the heat and 
drafts. An incubator must be attended to 
regularly twice a day and one person only 
should have charge of it. There are four 
rules necessary to the successful operation 
of an incubator and they are: To keep the 
temperature at 103 degrees; to give thorough 
ventilation of pure air; to see that there is 
the proper evaporation of moisture from 
the eggs; and to turn the eggs once a day. 
This last is not so much trouble as many 
people think. Lift the trays holding the 
eggs, remove a few, slant the tray so that the 
remaining eggs will roll over, and replace 
the eggs you have taken out. Be sure that 
the incubator you purchase has a perfect 
thermometer and that there is a proper place 
for the chicks to drop into after hatching. 
Do not get a machine that is too cheap; 
spend a little more and by doing so save 
money in the end. 
A Long-blooming Shrub 
pe in Europe are often struck 
with admiration at the Ceanothus 
hybrids, which resemble hydrangeas in hav- 
ing large trusses of flowers and a long period 
of bloom in summer and autumn, the off 
season for shrubs in general. In New Eng- 
land these hybrids die to the ground every 
, winter, even when covered, though new 
shoots will appear and flower. A Phila- 
delphian horticulturist believes the variety 
Gloire de Plantieres is almost hardy there, 
requiring only slight protection or none 
at all in a sheltered position. Farther 
north the plants might be buried in the 
ground and heaped high ‘with soil, but 
the surest way is to store them every win- 
ter in a frost-proof pit or cellar and plant 
them out again every spring. 
