126 
to 43 feet (13-11 m.) in 35 miles (56-3 km.), or 1-2 feet 
per mile (-23 m. per km.) in a direction about S. 10° W. 
On the upland southwest of the top of Covey hill 
is a broad, deep gorge known as Covey gulf, which has 
played an important part in the history of the drainage 
of the St. Lawrence system. Through it the combined 
waters of the glacial Great Lakes appear to have discharged, 
while the ice front stood against the north side of Covey 
hill and dammed the whole upper St. Lawrence. In 
the floor of the gulf are two deep pools of water marking 
the positions of plunge pools of the ancient Niagara. 
The altitude of the lower of these pools is approximately 
870 feet (265-I m.). The river which excavated the gorge 
must have discharged into a body of water in the Cham- 
plain valley whose surface was at least as low as this, not 
improbably the ‘Glacial Lake Champlain,’’ which later 
disappeared when the ice withdrew from the highland 
north of Vermont and allowed the sea-to come in from 
the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The relation of this abandoned 
gorge to the higher water-levels of the Ontario and Cham- 
plain basins and to the later marine levels of the Cham- 
plain sea will be fully discussed in the field. Pending 
the publication of conflicting observations and conclusions, 
it seems best not to state in detail the views now held 
by those who have been carrying on investigations in 
this field. 
THE SUPERFICIAL DEPOSITS NEAR 
OTTAWA. 
by 
JosEPH KEELE and W. A. JOHNSTON. 
GEOLOGY OF THE SUPERFICIAL DEPOSITS 
GLACIAL DEPOSITS. 
The superficial deposits of the city of Ottawa and . 
vicinity consist principally of gravels, stratified sands, 
and clays and boulder clays. 
The boulder clays were deposited by ice sheets ad- 
vancing from the Pre-Cambrian upland in a general south- 
west direction across the Ottawa valley. That the 
