Wisconsin 

 Cranberries 



--U1. 



W! 



J Growing 



"ISCONSIN 



is one of the 



leading 

 cranb erry states, an d 

 the experiment sta- 

 tion at Madison is 

 quite active in pro- 

 moting the interests 

 of the cranberry 

 growers. Experi- 

 ments show the su- 

 periority of the 

 clean-culture treat- 

 ment — that is, sand- 

 ing and drainage — as 

 compared with the 

 older methods of bog 

 management. Most 

 of the new bogs of the state are being started 

 by the clean-culture method. 



The attempts of some growers to reclaim 

 old bogs by sanding the top of the bog after 

 weeding, but without taking measures to 

 secure good drainage, have not been suc- 

 cessful, partly because the large amount of 

 moisture in the soil is favorable to the 

 growth of moss. The so-called blight of the 

 vines, which prevents the developing of 

 the fruit after blooming, seems to be largely 

 due to insufficient drainage. 



Hauling Sand in Wheelbarrows in Preparing 

 a Peat Bog for Planting to Cranberries 



Grafting Old Grapevines 



IT IS not difficult to regraft old grape- 

 vines of any of the species. This is a 

 fairly common practice in Europe and in 

 California, where such regrafting is done 

 either to change varieties or to secure 

 vinifera varieties on resistant American 

 stocks. It is well known that in all cases 

 the vinifera varieties when grown on their 

 own roots are severely attacked by phyllox- 

 era. 



Almost any type of grafting will serve 

 the purpose, as the grape can be handled 

 rather easily, provided the work is done at 

 the proper time and with any sort of skill. 

 The common methods of budding will also 

 answer, following the style of shield budding 

 described in all textbooks. This budding is 

 usually done in the spring as soon as the bark 

 will slip well on the stock and before the 

 heavy spring run of sap. It requires a little 

 attention to the vineyard to determine this 

 time, but there need be no difficulty if the 

 workman is reasonably observant. Buds are 

 taken from the desired vines, usually cut as 

 budding sticks, and kept in a cool place un- 

 til the stocks are ready for budding. 



As a rule, however, grapevines are 

 changed over by various grafting processes, 

 such as side grafting or cleft grafting, in 

 which cions containing two or three buds 

 and a piece of wood are used. The custom- 

 ary way is to cut off the vine near the root 

 and to insert the cions, either as side grafts 

 or cleft grafts, in the stump. Naturally 

 this will be more easily accomplished with 

 comparatively young vines than with old 

 ones. In the case of old vines it is better to 

 make the graft on one of the side branches. 

 Immediately after the cions are set they 

 should be waxed with soft grafting wax. 



Grafting is usually done in February or 

 March, depending upon the latitude. The 

 work should be performed very early before 

 the flow of sap commences. Grafting may 

 also be done during the latter part of thesum- 

 mer, usually in August. F. A . Waugh. 



A West Virginia 

 Apple Survey 



ORCHARD sur- 

 veys began in 

 1903 when G. F. 

 Warren, of Cornell, 

 made a survey of 

 Wayne C ounty, New 

 York. Since then 

 many fruit regions 

 have been studied. 

 Such studies disclose 

 information about 

 the actual condition 

 of the orchard indus- 

 try that can be ob- 

 tained in no other 

 way. 



The West Virginia 

 Experiment Station 

 has recently made a survey of Jefferson 

 County, in the eastern panhandle of that 

 state. The investigation was limited to ap- 

 ple orchards of more than four acres, and 

 reports were secured on 181 orchards. This 

 county has about 200,000 apple trees, of 

 which about half are in bearing. Some or- 

 chards are as large as 320 acres, but the 

 typical size is ten acres. The large orchards 

 as a rule show a greater income to the acre 

 than the smaller ones. 



The chief commercial varieties are: York 

 Imperial, Ben Davis, Grimes, Arkansas, 

 Stayman Winesap, and Winesap. Many of 

 the recent plantings are of Jonathan, Wine- 

 sap, Delicious and Gano. Plantings of Ben 

 Davis have decreased in the past few years. 

 The young orchards are generally grown on 

 land that is planted in the usual cultivated 

 grain and grass crops of the section. Most 

 of the bearing orchards are in sod, although 

 cultivated orchards are more profitable. 



It seems to be profitable to fertilize or- 

 chards, and a combination of manure and 

 commercial fertilizer is most profitable. 

 Annual pruning is practiced in two-thirds 

 of the orchards. Spraying pays; and spray- 

 ing three times a year yields a much larger 

 net profit than one or two times. 



Two Barrels to Siam 



A RECENT Government trade report 

 sets it down that in 1913 — the last 

 figures available — two barrels of apples 

 were exported to Siam. This is cited as an 

 illustration of the statement that "fresh 

 apples from this country find their way to 

 almost every country on the globe." 



Why shouldn't they? The apple is 

 equally acceptable in the tropics and in 

 the arctics. It is both a luxury and a staple 

 article of food wherever civilization pene- 

 trates. And the world-wide market depends 

 upon the United States of America in a 

 rather unusual degree, for this country is 

 by very far the largest producer of apples 

 on the map. In fact, outside this country 

 the regions of commercial apple growing are 

 remarkably few and small. Restricted 

 areas in Canada, small districts in Northern 

 Italy and in Bohemia, and some orchards 

 in Southern Australia and Tasmania — 

 these small and scattered territories are our 

 only competitors in the world markets. 



These world markets really include all 

 the rest of the civilized globe. It is a big 

 field, principally ours, and we ought to oc- 

 cupy it. Two barrels of apples to Siam 

 merely signifies that all nations are properly 

 our customers. 



I 1I~J ¥T_J„. <-|„„., r',.lf„™l M»1.a.I, 



Sensible, Vali 

 Christmas Pr 





"Ball-Band "Arctics for r 

 "Ball-Band" Rubber Boc 

 and other "Ball-Band" Fo 

 able feet for the wearer. W 



Ball- Band" boots are vacuui 

 this process causes a tremendous 

 and makes the boot one solid piei 

 Mark. It means more days' wea: 

 If your regular merchant does 

 the name of a store near you that 



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