222 



THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 



May, 1909 



The Worst Pests of Our Orchard Trees 



♦Apple (i). 



Apple 



Apple 



Apple 



Apple 



Apple 



Apple 



Apple 



Apple . 



Apple . 



Apple 



Apple . 



Apple .... 



Apple . 



Apple .... 

 Apple .... 



Apple 



Apple .... 



INJURY 



Cherry 



Citrus fruits, 



(orange, lemon, etc.) 



Citrus fruits. 

 Citrus fruits. 

 Citrus fruits. 

 Citrus fruits. . 

 *Peach (2) ... 



Peach 



Peach 



Peach 



Peach 



Peach 



*Pear (3) ... 



Pear 



Pear 



Pear 



*Plum 



Plum 



Plum 



Plum 



Wormy fruit 



Irregular, hard or rotting 



trails in fruit 



Young leaves and blossoms 



destroyed 



Young leaves and blossoms 



destroyed 



Stripped branches with 



large tents 



Young leaves eaten or 



browned 



Terminal leaves eaten 

 twigs with small, firm webs 

 Leaves brown and loosely 



webbed 



Leaves stripped from 



branches 



Curled, sticky leaves 



Dead limbs, red-spotted 

 fruit 



Poor growth, limbs scaly. 

 Poor growth, limbs scurfy 

 Poor growth, sickly foliage 



Boring at base of tree. . . . 



Leaves with thickened 

 brown spots 



Brown spots on leaf 



Dead spots on bark 



Curled, sticky leaves 



Scaly fruit and limbs 



Scaly fruit and limbs 

 Scale on leaves and twigs. 

 Blackened, sticky foliage. 

 Yellow streaks on leaves. 



Bored trunks 



Buds destroyed 



Shot holes in bark 



Curled leaves 



Sickly, yellowish trees. . . . 



Rotting fruit 



Young fruit gnarly, mag- 

 goty 



Skeletonized leaves 



Leaves sticky, black 



Brown foliage on dying 

 branches 



Crescent-shaped cuts in 

 fruit 



Brown scales on limbs . . . 

 Rotting fruit 



Gnarly growths on limb . . 



Late summer 

 and fall 



Summer and 

 early fall 



Early spring 



Early spring 



Early spring 



Early spring 



Spring and fall. 



Summer and 

 early fall 



Summer and 

 fall 



Early spring and 



CAUSF. 



summer 



Spring to fall. . 



Spring and fall. 



Spring to fall . . 



Spring to fall. . . 



Spring and fall. 



Summer 



Summer 



Growing season 



Early summer. . 



Growing season 



Growing season 



Growing season 



Growing season 



Growing season 



Fall and spring 



Early spring 



Spring and sum- 

 mer 



Summer 



Summer 



Summer 



Spring 



Summer 



Spring and sum- 

 mer 



Summer 



Spring 



Fall and spring 

 Summer .... 



Summer and 

 winter 



Whitish caterpillar. 



Small maggot 



Caterpillars in cases 

 Brown caterpillar. 

 Bluish caterpillar. 

 Looping caterpill ars 



Hairy caterpillars. 



Hairy, yellowish cat 



erpillars 



Yellow or red marked 

 caterpillars .... 



Plant-lice 



Gray andblack bark 

 louse 



Brown scale insect. 



Whitish scale insect 



A white, woolly plant 

 louse 



White legless grub. 



Minute mite 



Fungus 



Plant disease 



Black plant louse. . 



Circular scale 



Long scale insect. . 

 Black scale insect . 

 Small suckinginsect 



Minute mite 



White caterpillars. . 

 Small caterpillar. . . 

 Small, black beetles 



Plant disease 



Plant disease 



Plant disease 



Yellowish maggot . 

 Slimy caterpillar . . 

 Jumping louse. . . . 

 Bacterial disease . . 



Small weevil 



Brown, oval scale. . 



Plant disease 



Fungus 



Codling moth 



Railroad worm 



Casebearers 



B ud moth 



Tent caterpillar 



Canker worms 



Brown-tail moth . . 



Fall web-worm 



Yellow-necked and 

 red-humped worms 



Apple plant lice 



San Jose scale 



Apple bark louse.. 

 Scurfy bark louse . . 

 Woolly aphis 



REMEDY OR 

 PREVENTIVE 



Poison, preferably 

 arsenate of lead . . 



Destroy infested 

 fruits 



Round-headed ap- 

 ple borer 



Blister mite 



Leaf spot and scab 

 Canker or blight . . . 



Cherry aphis 



Red scale 



Purple or long scale 



Black scale 



White fly 



Red spider 



Peach borer 



Peach twig borer. . 



Fruit tree bark 

 beetle 



Peach leaf curl 



Peach yellows. . . . 



Brown rot 



Pear midge 



Pear slug 



Pear psylla 



Pear blight 



Plum curculio. . . . 



Plum scale 



Brown rot 



Black knot 



Poison young leaves 

 Poison 



REMARKS AND CAUTIONS 



Poison 

 Poison 

 Poison 

 Poison 

 Poison 



Kerosene emulsion . 



Lime-sulphur wash, 

 miscible oil 



Kerosene emulsion. 



Kerosene emulsion . 



Kerosene emulsion 

 or whale-oil soap . 



Tar paper bands. . 



Lime-sulphur wash 

 or miscible oil 



Bordeaux mixture. 



Burn infested parts 



Kerosene emulsion. 

 Hydrocyanic acid 



gas 



Fumigation. 



Fumigation . 

 Fumigation. 



Kerosene emulsion . 



Dig out borers . 



Lime-sulph. washor 

 kerosene emulsion 



Burn the infested 

 branches 



Lime -sulphur wash 

 or Bordeaux 



Cut and burn 



Lime-sulph. wash or 

 cop.sulph. solution 



Destroy infested 

 fruit 



Poison or dust 

 Lime-sulphur wash 

 Cut and burn 



Poison or collect . 



Kerosene emulsion. 



Cop. sulph. solution 

 and Bordeaux . 



Cut and burn 



Put in blossom end of apples 

 within a week after bloom falls. 



Use early sweet varieties as traps 

 and destroy promptly. 



Spray tips of young leaves in 

 badly infested orchards. 



Treatment as above. 



Remove and crush caterpillars 



when in nest. 

 Poison is preferable to the use of 



sticky bands. 



Collect and burn winter nests. 



Remove nests and crush cater- 

 pillars. 



Crush clustered caterpillars. 

 Spray early before leaves curl. 



Spray before buds open in spring. 



Apply in early June when young 

 are crawling. 



Apply as above. 



Force insecticide through woolly 



covering. 

 Band from May to July, cut out 



borers. 



Spray before buds open. 



Spray swelling buds; 2 weeks before blossoms 

 open; after they drop, and a week later. 



Cut well below infection to avoid 



carrying disease. 

 Spray at 2 or 3 day intervals if 



necessary. 

 Fumigate at night, more effective 



than resin wash. 



Treat as above. 

 Treat as above. 

 Treat as above. 



More injurious in dry seasons. 



Mound or band base of trees from 

 June to September. 



Spray before the buds open. 



Do this in winter or early spring. 



Apply before buds burst. 



Keep infected trees from contact 

 with healthy trees. 



Apply before buds open. 

 Use Lawrence pears as trap. 

 Apply when slugs are abundant. 



Apply as for San Jose scale. 



Cut 6 to 10 inches below affected 



part. 

 Jar daily or every few days for 2 



to 3 weeks after fruit sets. 

 Spray after leaves fall and repeat 



before buds open. 



Apply 1st before buds swell; 2nd weak and re- 

 peatedly; ammoniacal cop. carb. after fruit sets. 



Apply Bordeaux in early spring. 



(1) Apple: This tree is very badly injured by gypsy moth (see shade tree insects). 



(2) Peach and plum are both badly injured by San Jose scale (see under apple). 



(3) The pear suffers from codling moth, canker worm, brown tail moth, San Jose' scale, and blister mite (see under apple). 



♦General treatment for orchard fruits: Apply lime-sulphur wash just before buds swell (for fungus, scale insects and blister mite); poisoned Bordeaux when 

 young leaves appear (for bad infestations of casebearers, bud moth and early leaf feeders); repeat the latter within a week or ten days after the bloom falls 

 (for codling moth, leaf feeders and fungus); give another application a week or 10 days later to insure thorough work. The same general directions apply to 

 peach, pear, plum, and quince, the curculio affecting the latter being controlled in the same way as the plum curculio. The last two are very sensitive to arsenic. 



