224 



THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 

 For the Vegetable Garden — Continued 



Mat, 1909 



Squash 



Squash 



Sweet potato 



Tomato 



Tomato 



INJURY 



Wilting runners 



Wilting leaves 



Leaves eaten 



Yellow-specked leaves 

 Leaves devoured 



Summer 

 Summer 

 Summer 

 Summer 

 Summer 



CAUSE 



Boring caterpillar. . 



Black bug 



Small beetle 



Small beetle 



Large, green cater 

 pillar 



Squash borer 



Squash bug 



Flea and tortoise 

 beetles 



Cucumber flea 

 beetle 



Tomato worm 



REMEDY OR 

 PREVENTIVE 



Slit stem and kill 

 borer 



Hand picking 



Arsenate of lead. . . 



Poisoned Bordeaux 



Hand picking or 

 poison 



REMARKS AND CAUTIONS 



Plant early trap vines. 



Trap under shingles. 



Dip young plants in poison before 

 setting. 



Feeds on a variety of plants. 



The latter is rarely necessary in 



the North. 



Insects and Diseases of the Flower Garden 



Aster . 



Aster 



Carnation 



Carnation 



Chrysanthe- 

 mum 



House plants 

 various 



House plants 

 various . . 



Violet 



Violet 



INJURY 



Flower petals eaten .... 



Spotted leaves 



Brown spotted leaves . . 

 Rusty leaves 



Spotted leaves 



Oval, brown spots on 

 leaves 



Green lice on leaves 



Leaves curled, sickly 



Grayish spots on leaves.. 



TIME 



Late summer 

 Summer .... 



Summer 



Summer 



Summer .... 



Summer 



Summer .... 



Fall 



Summer .... 



Black beetle 



Fungus 



Plant disease . 



Plant disease . 



Fungus 



Brown scale insect 



Plant-lice 



Yellowish maggots 

 Fungus 



Black blister beetle 



Leaf rust 



Anthracnose 



Carnation rust 



Leaf spot 



House lecanium . . 



Aphids 



Violet gall midge . . 

 Violet rust or spot . . 



REMEDY OR 

 PREVENTIVE 



Collect in water and 

 kerosene 



Apply a clear fungi- 

 cide 



Bordeaux 



Destroy infected 

 plants 



Ammoniacal copper 

 carbonate 



Ivory soap 



Ivory soap 



Hydrocyanic acid 

 gas 



Bordeaux 



REMARKS AND CAUTIONS 



Do this twice a day for two or 

 three days if necessary. 



Spray under side of leaves. 



Keep blooming plants covered 

 with ammoniacal copper carb. 



Spray with copper sulphate, 2 lbs. 

 to 45 gals., or potassium sulphide. 



Apply at 10 to 14 day intervals. 



Repeated washings, use 5c cake 

 to 8 gals, water. 



Use as directed above. 



Keep house cool, fumigate on 

 dark nights only. 



Keep house cool, water carefully. 



HOW TO KNOW WHAT REMEDY TO USE 



INSECTICIDES and fungicides are pri- 

 marily to prevent injury. This is 

 especially true of fungicides. 



Thoroughness is more than half the battle, 

 and in applying poisons aim to cover all 

 parts of the plant liable to attack, and 

 when using contact insecticides hit as many 

 insects as possible. It is necessary to know 

 whether a pest devours or chews its food; 

 for if it does not, contact insecticides or 

 other means must be employed. 



Biting or chewing insects devour or eat 

 away portions of a plant, and the poison, 

 in order to be effective, should be applied 

 where it must be eaten, or the insect go 

 hungry. This, if thoroughly done on the 

 appearance of a pest, should give most 

 excellent results, since young caterpillars 

 usually succumb to poisons much more 

 quickly than older ones. 



Sucking insects, as a rule, produce a 

 wilting or discoloration of small areas 

 and sometimes considerable curling of the 

 leaves; for example, certain plant lice. Such 

 attacks should be checked at their incep- 

 tion by the use of contact insecticides. Some 

 plant lice are so well protected by a woolly 

 secretion that it is exceedingly difficult to 

 hit them with a spray. 



Certain scale insects are very resistant to 

 treatment and, as a rule, sprays for the 

 destruction of these latter must either be 

 used very strong (in winter) while plants 

 are leafless and therefore not subject to 

 harm; or the application may be more dilute 



and applied at the time the young scale 

 insects are crawling actively and before 

 the woolly secretion appears, mats down, 

 and forms a protective covering or scale. 

 Leaf miners and borers in fruit, stems and 

 roots, feed within the plant tissues and 

 ordinarily cannot be controlled by poisonous 

 or other applications. There is usually some 

 time in the life history of these pests when 

 they are more easily attacked, and knowledge 

 of this often renders it possible to keep them 

 within bounds. Underground feeding kinds, 

 though hidden from view, may sometimes 

 be reached with a contact insecticide. 



I. Insecticides 



Paris green and London purple are two 

 of the oldest and most widely used insecti- 

 cides. They and other poisons must be 

 put where they must be eaten if the plant 

 is attacked by insects, and on nothing soon 

 to be used for human food. Paris green 

 may be employed at the rate of one pound, 

 with an equal amount of recently slaked 

 lime, to 100 gallons of water. London 

 purple may be used in the same way. 

 Repeated applications of either of these 

 poisons will injure most foliage unless lime 

 is employed. Both Paris green and London 

 purple can be added to Bordeaux mixture 

 and used with safety. This preparation 

 is a combined insecticide and fungicide. 



Arsenate of lead is more expensive than 

 the better-known Paris green, and while it 

 operates more slowly, it is exceedingly 



valuable because it can be applied in large 

 amounts without injuring delicate foliage, 

 and also on account of its adhering to the 

 leaves for a long time. This poison has been 

 placed on the market in convenient pack- 

 ages under various trade names. It may 

 be prepared for use by dissolving 11 ounces 

 of acetate of lead (sugar of lead) in four 

 quarts of water in a wooden pail, and 

 4 ounces of arsenite of soda (50 per cent, 

 purity) in two quarts of water in another 

 wooden pail. As sugar of lead dissolves 

 rather slowly in cold water, the process 

 can be hastened by using warm water. Pour 

 the solutions into 25 to 150 gallons of water, 

 and the insecticide is ready for use. 



Poisoned bait can frequently be employed 

 to good advantage in destroying such pests 

 as cutworms, army worms, and grass- 

 hoppers. It is prepared by dipping fresh 

 clover or other attractive leaves in poisoned 

 water and distributing in infested localities. 

 Some have used 20 pounds of dry middlings 

 and 1 pound of Paris green well mixed, with 

 excellent success. A mash composed of 

 1 pound of Paris green, 50 pounds of bran, 

 and sweetened with cheap sugar or molasses, 

 has been found very attractive to grass- 

 hoppers. These poisoned baits should not 

 be placed where domestic animals, such as 

 rabbits and chickens, can gain access thereto. 



CONTACT INSECTICIDES 



Contact insecticides are employed almost 

 exclusively against sucking insects; that is,. 



