12 



THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 



February, 1911 



Start verbenas for summer flowers in the rose beds 



as many pieces as there are eyes after 

 they have started into growing, and you 

 can keep this up indefinitely until your 

 stock is entirely planted out. Dahlias 

 brought into heat and fight now will push 

 up small shoots, which may be taken off 

 as cuttings and potted up into a fight, 

 sandy soil. They will give new plants 

 and increase the stock. 



Sunshine, warmth and moisture must 

 be present to do any of these things suc- 

 cessfully. You can make use of frames 

 or hotbeds or windows of living rooms if 

 they have a southern or some sunny ex- 

 posure. North windows and shaded cor- 

 ners will not do, and if you do not have the 

 right conditions it will be better to make no 

 attempt at propagating your own plants, 

 but buy them ready to set out in May. 



Increase your cannas by starting the old roots in 

 heat and cutting up into single eyes 



Cooperation in Farming— By B. H. Crocheron, ^t 



SOME SURPRISING FACTS THAT SHOW HOW THE INDUSTRIES OF THE SOIL ARE WORKING TOGETHER FOR MUTUAL 



BETTERMENT — PRACTICAL SCHEMES OF FINANCIAL AID IN ESTABLISHING INDUSTRIES AND OPENING MARKETS 



IT HAS been repeatedly said that of country. The following are some of the been in the buying of commodities for the 



farmers as a class are impossible most prominent: use of farmers. Fertilizers, seeds, coal, 



to combine cooperatively, but facts prove AmericanBreeders'Association,American feed, flour, etc. , are sold at cost to members 



that farmers are particularly adaptable Farmers' League, American Pomological by the organization which buys in large 



to cooperative enterprises. Society, American Poultry Association, lots and is able to save $5.00 a ton on fer- 



The Bureau of Statistics, U. S. Depart- California Fruit Growers' & Shippers' tilizer, $1.00 a bushel on clover seed, 50 



ment of Agriculture, reports that 45,000 Association, Hood River Fruit Growers' cents a ton on coal. These organizations 



correspondents inform them of the following Union, National Farmers' Alliance, Patrons are usually vigorously opposed by the town 



cooperative organizations in the United of Husbandry, National Rice Association, merchants and are not often successful 



States. The Cooperative Commission Company, unless they employ a salaried sales agent 



The Tri-State Grain and Stock Growers' to attend to their business. 

 Insurance (Number estimated) Association. Fruit and Vegetable Marketing Associa- 

 5vestock tning ' hail and Wmd ' ''^ The industrial cooperation seems to be tions have been highly successful where they 

 Life Insurance . . '. . . . . . . 7,500 particularly marked in certain regions, were able to control a large part of the out- 

 Sickness, funeral and relief .... 6,000 Thus: put at the time when their products were 



Selling I . 0O ° Fruit-growing in the far West; vegeta- put upon the market. Thus, sections which 



Production 4 '°7s ble-raising in New Jersey, Ohio, Illinois, marketed strawberries in train-load lots 



Communities, colonies and settlements' .' 50 Utah; milk in New England; wheat in the were able to raise the price two or more 



Miscellaneous 300 Northwest. cents per quart by sending their berries 



Telephone service . . . . . 15,000 This localization of cooperation is not to points which could keep the demand 



Irrigation 01101 ™ educatlonal ; ; ; ^g» because it fa i mpra ctical in other sections, up to the supply and so prevent the glut- 

 Grain elevators ......... 1^800 but largely because it is untried. ting of one market. This type of asso- 



Thus far, cooperation has proved most ciation usually supervises the output of 

 From data compiled previous to 1007 it profitable among the more quickly perisha- its members insisting that it shall come up 

 has been estimated that there are more ble products. The success has been more to a certain definite standard in quantity, 

 than 85,000 different farmers' organiza- marked with fruit than with wheat, with quality, type of marketing package, method 

 tions with a membership of 3,000,000 vegetables than with live-stock. Tfiis of packing and amount of output, 

 farmers. There is scarcely a branch of does not necessarily mean that cooperation Cooperative credit and agricultural 

 agricultural interest into which cooperative cannot be as effective with one as with banks. America has been notably behind 

 associations have not already penetrated, another, but merely that it is more easily Europe, where institutions for the establish- 

 Some of these are: successful when the section is small and ment of agricultural credit have been well 

 Beet-sugar making; butter and cheese when competition is eliminated because and favorably established. The societies 

 making; cider making; cotton ginning; of distances and times. are formed to promote credit among those 

 dairy products, marketing; fruit-growing Marketing cooperation is possible for who cannot give security such as would 

 and marketing; fruit-drying and selling; some objects. One of the chief aims ac- pass muster in a regular national bank, 

 field crops marketing; grain elevating; cording to the constitution of many so- The' security of the bank is the standing 

 honey, shipping and selling; live-stock cieties has been to eliminate the middleman, of the borrowing member in the community 

 breeding; poultry-products, selling; to- The societies have in but few instances been in which he fives. The association or bank 

 bacco marketing; wheat and corn milling; able to do this since most found that in loans the money at a low rate of interest 

 wheat threshing; vegetables, marketing and eliminating one middleman they must without any other than personal security 

 canning; wine making; wool production. substitute another of their own for they and the member borrows in order to pur- 

 Other associations, different from these, could not market their products except chase land, seeds, fertilizer and farming 

 aim to promote the general welfare of no one through the operations of a skilled salesman, implements. The system is highly necessary 

 industry or branch of industry, or section The greatest success of cooperation has in a poor community.' 



