272 



The Readers' Service gives information 

 about automobile accessories 



THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 



Mat. 1911 



Send for our free 

 Portfolio of exterior 

 color schemes, con- 

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It is always difficult to select pleas- 

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 Paints &Varnishes 



Sold by dealers everywhere. Ask your local dealer for . color 



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For the Special Home Decoration Service, write to 



The Sherwin-Williams Co., Decorative Department, 



057 Canal Road, N. W., Cleveland, 0. 



How to Make Beds and Borders 



SINCE beds and borders are intended solely 

 for the purpose of accommodating living 

 plants, they should be made so that they will 

 furnish everything that a plant demands of the 

 soil. Not only should the soil be of such a nature 

 as to supply abundant food for the roots, but it 

 should also be of sufficient depth and of proper con- 

 sistency, and free from undesirable constituents. 



You are breaking virgin ground, say a piece of 

 old pasture. The main lines of the garden plan 

 are staked out and you are about to make the beds 

 and borders. The soil consists of a top-spit of 

 brown loam overlying a clayey subsoil. If the 

 latter is a stiff clay, and insufficient surface soil 

 overlies it, you face the necessity of importing 

 additional material. But if the consistency of 

 the subsoil is not so hopeless, the proper procedure 

 is to bring soil and subsoil into intimate admixture, 

 so that one may temper the other, and to do so 

 to such a depth as the ordinary requirements of 

 gardening demand. In most circumstances 

 this may be taken as two feet or thereabouts. 

 This is best done by the operation known as 

 "trenching," a term applied strictly to spade work, 

 which has for its object deep tillage, as distinguished 

 from "digging," by which the surface layer of the 

 soil only is turned over. 



Trenching is best done in early spring or late 

 fall when the weather is open. It is conducted 

 in various ways according to the results required 

 and to the previous condition of the ground. In 

 " full-trenching " the process has the effect of re- 

 versing the relative positions of the upper and lower 

 layers of soil. 



This complete reversal is admirable treatment 

 for ground which has long been in tillage, and there- 

 fore already broken up to the trenching depth, 

 but it is inadvisable in the case of new ground, 

 the subsoil of which has not seen the light perhaps 

 for centuries. On such ground the subsoil is 

 compacted and unsuited to plant growth. 



In such a case you can only "half- trench." 

 This consists in removing the surface soil in sec- 

 tions, then breaking up the subsoil with a fork, 



Trenching affords a good opportunity for properly 

 enriching the soil 



and subsequently replacing the surface soil. A 

 better method is to more or less completely mix 

 the soil and subsoil to the desired depth. The 

 operation is conducted as follows: 



The ground is opened up to the full depth by a 

 trench cut across the border as shown by the heavy 

 line in the illustration, which represents the trench 

 in cross-section. The soil removed is carried to 

 a position near the far end of the border. Then 

 proceed to fill up the trench at A with soil taken 

 alternately from B and C, D and E, and so on 

 until you reach the end of the border, when the 

 space left is filled in with the soil that has been 

 taken there for the purpose. If the land is old 

 pasture, take care to bury the turves, so that they 

 will rot. 



The primary object of trenching is to produce 

 a workable soil of sufficient depth, but it inciden- 

 tally assists drainage and aeration, and gives 

 opportunity to properly incorporate manure. 

 When making beds and borders in a new garden 

 this should not be neglected. As the work pro- 



Draining: for heavy clay soils have the lowest layer 

 of brick rubbish 



$722 or $5022 



For A Cream Separator 

 -Which? A 



SHARPIES 



Tubular 



Cream Separator 



will run for ten years and then be a good, 

 serviceable machine for many more years. 

 A standard size of Tubular sep- 

 arator costs $75.00, or $7.50 per 

 year for 10 years, and you will 

 still have a good separator left, 

 You can buy a (so called) cheap 

 separator for $50, the average 

 of life of which is one year. 

 You can buy another the 

 next year, and so on until 

 you have spent $500.00 in ten 

 years : — $50.00 per year. Which 

 do you want ? You can own and 



use a Sharpies Tubular Cream 



Separator for less than ai.y other 

 separator built. We guarantee 

 it. Shall we tell you how? 



Write for 1911 Cata- 

 logue No. 215. 



THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO. 



WEST CHESTER, PA. 



Chicago, 111., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore., Toronto, 

 Can., Winnipeg, Can. 



and you will have no trouble 

 keeping your stock sup- 

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You can not only lift the 

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RELIABLE 



PUMPS 



They are the most dependable, 

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GOULDS MFG. COMPANY 



82 W. Fall St. 



Seneca. Falls,N.y. 



How to Make Rugs 



By Candace Wheeler 



tj n The book is a practical one of direction as to details of coloring 

 and weaving, with the true art'stic feeling one would expect from 

 the writer." — N. Y. Eoening Post. 



Sixteen illustrations, net, $1.00 



(Postage, 10 cents) 



Doubleday, Page & Co., G ,Kt e ™F 



