i 



The simplest t3>-pe of sprayer, serviceable in quite 

 small gardens and on low-growing plants 



Two efficient nozzles for fine sprays. The upper one 

 is adjusted to any angle by a mere turn 



Sprayers that work by compressed air and give a. 

 continuous spray are desirable for extended work 



Complete Insurance Against Garden Pests— By J. Lukens Kayan, 



SAVE YOUR FRUIT AND SHADE TREES BY HAVING A PROPER OUTFIT— THIS ARTI- 

 CLE WILL HELP YOU TO DECIDE UPON THE EXACT APPLIANCE FOR YOUR NEEDS 



Pennsyl- 

 vania 



SPRAYING, and therefore the use of 

 spraying devices, has become a neces- 

 sity. The half dozen or so fruit trees 

 that furnish a supply of fruit to the dweller 

 on the village lot, or to the suburbanite, are 

 threatened with extinction unless the owners 

 awaken to the fact that the pests- that are 

 destroying their trees can be held in check; 

 the orchardist already knows it. 



In these days, with state inspectors and 

 instructors, and any quantity of literature 

 dealing with the destruction and prevention 

 of the arch foe of our fruit trees (San Jose 

 scale), the majority of people passively watch 

 the destruction of fine fruit and ornamental 

 trees which could be saved by a slight effort, 

 by spraying. 



The necessary ingredients for the remedy 

 can be purchased in every community, or 

 a first-class article can be had ready-made, 

 only requiring dilution with water for use. 



The apparatus is within reach of all and 

 can be purchased in a variety of sizes suited 

 to the amount of spraying to be done. Each 

 outfit, of no matter what size, will pay inter- 

 est on the money invested. 



Do not buy a "cheap" sprayer. The 

 best equipment for the average home gar- 

 den, I think, is a compressed-air sprayer, 

 all brass, costing about $8, including a two- 

 foot pipe extension and a Mistry nozzle. 



This is cheaper than a barrel pump, and 

 will do for all spraying except large trees. 



Do not apply poison sprays to foliage 

 which is to serve as food. A proprietary 

 article supposed to contain ground oyster 

 shells has proved effective for destroying 

 all leaf-eating insects and, in the quan- 

 tities used, is harmless to human beings. 



For applying powders the best device is a 

 can with screw top, thickly perforated with 

 holes no larger than a pin point. The pow- 

 der will sift through these fine holes in the 

 condition of dust, which is just as effective 

 as a heavy coating, while it adheres better 

 to the foliage, and is not wasteful. Powder 

 bellows cost from 75 cents to $2.00. 



Do not wait until the plants are killed by 



blight or defoliated by insects. The only 

 sure way is to spray all plants that are known 

 to be subject to attacks before the damage 

 appears, and always keep a visible coating 

 on each plant until all danger has passed. 

 Use Bordeaux mixture for fungus diseases, 

 and arsenate of lead for leaf-eating insects. 

 This poison will not burn the foliage even 

 if an overdose is given, but Paris green may. 

 The best way is to combine the two sprays 

 for blights and insects at the same time. 



Have your spray mixture always ready 

 every day the year round. Keep concen- 

 trated solutions of sulphate of copper and 

 lime in separate receptacles. Two four- 

 or five-gallon earthenware crocks will hold 

 stock solutions that will make fifty gallons 

 of Bordeaux. Put five pounds of sulphate 

 of copper in one crock, and six pounds of 

 stone lime, slacked and strained, in the 

 other. Keep closely covered to exclude dust 

 and dirt, dilute and mix as required. Dilute 

 the two solutions before mixing as they com- 

 bine better. Kept separate, they can be 

 used as wanted at short notice, and will not 

 deteriorate from standing. Add arsenate of 

 lead at the rate of about two ounces to three 

 gallons, or two pounds to fifty gallons of 

 Bordeaux. 



The simplest form of hand sprayer con- 

 sists of a reservoir holding one to two quarts 

 of liquid, to which is attached a small pump 

 for creating air pressure to force the liquid 

 out in a fine mist or spray. This is made 

 in both tin and brass, but the purchase of a 

 tki or iron one is a waste of money. All 

 metal parts that come in contact with the 

 spraying solution should be made of brass, 

 whether the machine be of one quart or fifty 

 gallons capacity. 



The reservoir and pump of the bottom 

 sprayer are made of tin and the rust spots 

 show in the photograph ; the top one is made 

 of brass. While slightly different in con- 

 struction, both are similar in use, the bot- 

 tom one being the better of the two. For 

 the spraying of potted plants, a very few 

 outside plants or small bushes, this form 

 236 



will prove effective; but in continued use 

 becomes very tiresome. 



Aside from the small syringe-like devices, 

 the knapsack sprayer, slung on the back, is 

 the oldest form of portable sprayer. The lever 

 and handle to operate the pump can be at- 

 tached to the tank, on either the right or left 

 side, and the spray is continuous. Pump and 

 spray cylinder are fastened to a plate clasped 

 to the tank with thumb-screws and the whole 

 can be easily removed for use on a bucket 

 if wanted. The tank has a capacity of four 

 gallons. For spraying a mechanical mix- 

 ture of kerosene and water a special attach- 

 ment is supplied. The type of sprayer 

 that has the pump inside the tank, which 

 is sealed airtight after filling, is very easy 

 to use. The enclosed pump produces an 

 air pressure which gives a continuous spray 

 for some time. Generally two, and at most 

 three pumpings will exhaust the supply of 

 solution. The tank has a capacity of four 

 gallons, three gallons of solution and one for 

 air space. 



Even the best form of portable sprayer 

 now on the market (so far as I can find) 

 has some petty annoyances accompanying 

 its use that could very easily be overcome. 

 The sealing ring is made of galvanized iron 

 even in the so-called "all-brass" ones; 

 this ring needs careful examination to make 

 sure it is smooth, many are rough and cause 

 no end of trouble in securing an air-tight 

 joint. After some use, these rough places 

 cause dents in the rubber gaskets and unless 

 the pump is so placed in the tank that the 

 high places on this ring and the dents in the 

 gasket coincide, it is almost impossible to 

 seal it. 



By the use of ladder and extra pipe 

 extensions this type of apparatus becomes 

 serviceable for trees of moderate size. For 

 large trees a tank or barrel outfit will prove 

 the most efficient. Such outfits require 

 two persons successfully to handle them, 

 one to operate the pump and the other 

 to direct the spray. 



There are a number of different makes of 



