June, 1910 



THE GARDEN MAGAZIX E 



295 



again stir, and so on. When you've done 

 this, you'll have two quarts of bluish-white 

 mixture in the bucket. 



Add to this two quarts of water, making 

 four quarts in all of your mixture. This is 

 now ready to spray. It should be shaken or 

 stirred frequently while being sprayed; and 

 it should be made up fresh each time you 

 spray. 



AMMONIACAL COPPER CARBONATE 



It may be used on ripening fruit, instead 

 of Bordeaux, without leaving visible sign, 

 whereas Bordeaux will persist in more or 

 less conspicuous spots. 



Standard Formula. In making up a full 

 barrel of this fungicide, take six ounces of 

 copper carbonate, three pints of ammonia, 

 and water to make fifty gallons. 



To Make Two Gallons. Take two barely 

 level teaspoonfuls of copper carbonate; and 

 two fluid ounces of ammonia. 



This amount of copper carbonate is the 

 equivalent of one-fourth ounce. It may be 

 secured at any drug store, and should be 

 about as coarse as granulated sugar. You 

 can measure out two fluid ounces of am- 

 monia by taking one-fourth of a half -pint 

 bottle. Or you will probably find some- 

 where around the house a two-ounce or a 

 four-ounce bottle. The illustration shows 

 the comparative size of a two-ounce bottle. 

 If you are in doubt, determine the matter by 

 filling a pint mason jar with the bottle you 

 are to use. There are sixteen fluid ounces 

 to the pint. 



Place your copper carbonate in an empty 

 quart jar, and pour your ammonia over it. 

 Use just enough ammonia to dissolve it. 

 It may take a little more or less to do this, 

 because ammonia varies in strength. Fill 

 up the jar with water and allow any sedi- 

 ment to settle. Pour the clear, blue liquid 

 into your spray-bucket, and add seven 

 quarts of water, making eight quarts of the 

 spray mixture in all. 



Like Bordeaux, this fungicide deteriorates 

 on standing, and should be made up fresh 

 each time you want to spray. 



FORMALIN 



Where potatoes are scabby, or where 

 onions are infested with smut, experience 

 has shown that the trouble may largely be 

 averted by treatment with a solution of 

 formalin. Other materials are sometimes 



A cube of soap one inch square dissolved in four 

 quarts of water will control aphids and soft scales 

 on house plants 



used, such as quicklime or potassium sulfid. 

 But the formalin treatment is effective and 

 handy. 



For Small Lots. Take two fluid ounces 

 of formalin (this is the same as one-eighth 

 of a pint) to four gallons of water. Immerse 

 the uncut potatoes in this and let them 

 remain for two hours. Then remove them, 

 dry them a little, and plant in scab-free soil. 



For onion smut use two fluid ounces of 

 formalin to four gallons of water. Sow your 

 seed, but leave uncovered in the drill. Then 

 sprinkle the seed lying in the drill with the 

 formalin solution, thus moistening the ground 

 slightly just adjacent to the seed. 



For grain smut use two fluid ounces of 

 formalin to six gallons of water. Pour out 

 your seed in a pile on the floor. Sprinkle 

 it with the formalin solution enough to 

 moisten all the grains. Let stand for three 

 or four hours. Then spread out and dry 

 before planting. 



LIME-SULPHUR 



Properly, lime-sulphur mixture may be 

 considered both as a fungicide and as an 

 insecticide, for its use as a winter wash for 

 scale on fruit trees is usually followed by 

 reduced injury from fungous diseases as 

 well. 



However its principal use is for the con- 

 trol of San Jose scale. The strength ordina- 

 rily used is suitable for winter applications 



only; never when the trees or shr.ibs are in 

 leaf. 



The process of making this is both i°dious 

 and disagreeable and it must be done out 

 of doors. I do not advise home preparation 

 on a small scale. 



There are reliable brands of concentrated 

 lime-sulphur on the market which you can 

 purchase in fairly small quantities. If you 

 are in doubt as to what brands are trust- 

 worthy, write your state experiment station. 

 Some stations test out these preparations 

 each year. If yours has not done so, it can 

 tell you of some station that has. 



Standard formula. Experimenters have 

 pretty well settled on the following pro- 

 portions: fifteen pounds of flowers of sul- 

 phur, fifteen to twenty pounds of quicklime, 

 water to make fifty gallons. 



To Make Two Gallons. Take a pint 

 mason jar and fill it three-fourths full of 

 flowers of sulphur. Similarly, measure out 

 two-fifths of a pint of quicklime, pounded 

 fine. 



This will give you three-fifths of a pound 

 of sulphur and just a trifle over three-fifths 

 of a pound of quicklime. Be sure that the 

 lime has not been air-slaked. 



Now, place your lime in an iron vessel 

 that will hold three or four quarts. Slake it 

 slowly with hot water. While it is bubbling, 

 place your sulphur in a separate vessel, 

 and add enough water to it to make a thick 

 paste. Pour this paste into your bubbling 

 lime, stirring thoroughly. Add enough water 

 to make two quarts. Now boil the mixture 

 hard for an hour or more, adding hot water 

 from time to time as the mixture boils away. 

 When it is done the color will change from 

 a yellow to a clear brown, and there will 

 probably be particles of lime floating around 

 in it. Remove from the fire, and add enough 

 water to make two gallons, all told. 



This should be sprayed while still hot. 

 The composition changes on cooling, and 

 much of the strength is lost. 



PARIS GREEN 



The old standby for leaf-eating insects 

 is Paris green. Time was when London 

 purple was much used, but its composition 

 is variable, and considerable amounts of 

 free arsenic were often present, causing 

 burning of the foliage. To-day arsenate of 

 lead, which is considered in the next section, 

 is replacing Paris green. 



To prevent scale on shrubs spray "with lime-sul- 

 phur wash. Two-fifths pint quicklime, three-fourths 

 pint flowers of sulphur, two gallons water 



Poisoned bran mash to -which the cutworm suc- 

 cumbs. One quart bran, one tablespoonful molasses, 

 one teaspoonful Paris green. 



Prevent scabby potatoes by using formalin: two 

 ounces to four gallons water. This may also be 

 used for smut on onions and grain 



