

June, 19 10 



pouring in the con- 

 crete, as it is light 

 and the concrete does 

 not adhere as it 

 would to metal. 

 When the form has 

 been filled to a depth 

 of ten inches, drop 

 in, one at a time, 

 one pailful of stones 

 the size of a man's 

 fist. This is repeated 

 at intervals of ten 

 or twelve inches, and 

 means a great saving 

 of mixture. It is 

 also advisable to 

 tamp the mixture 

 well every two or 

 three bucketfuls. For 

 this purpose I used 

 an old rake handle 

 with a small block 

 of wood nailed on 

 the end. 



I also saved in 

 cement, and reinforced my columns, 

 by placing in the centre of each, when 

 I had filled to the top of the iron pipe, 

 five feet of old eight-inch stove pipe. To 

 prevent the mixture getting inside the stove 

 pipe I covered the top of it with an empty 

 tin lard pail. The lard pail is left and 

 becomes part of the column, being covered 

 with several inches of concrete. It is best 

 to have two six-foot step ladders, as the tamp- 

 ing is done while the concrete is being 

 carried and poured in. After the final 

 bucket of mixture was poured in I tamped 

 and leveled with a trowel and found that 

 in about ten minutes a little more concrete 

 was needed to bring the mixture to the top 

 level of the form. It takes but four 

 hours to make such a column — that is, 

 with a laborer to mix and pour in the 

 concrete. 



Each day's work was begun by removing 

 the form from the column which had been 

 molded the day before. This was easily 

 done by taking out the screws in the cleats 



THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 



305 



These concrete columns 



nails. So that the> 

 will be easy to re- 

 move, it is well not 

 to screw them tight- 

 ly into the board. 

 Opportunities for 

 ■*^S| little economies will 



occur here and there. 

 I saved in the ex- 

 pense of my columns 

 by knocking apart 

 packing cases and 

 utilizing the boards 

 for the frames and 

 other construction. 

 It is advisable to visit 

 an old-iron scrap 

 yard before building 

 a number of col- 

 umns. Old stove 

 pipe and iron pipe 

 can be bought for 

 almost nothing. It 



in the garden of Mrs. James Metcalfe at Bedford Station, N. Y., were made by takes IOUr DagS OI 



the method described in the article Cement per Column 



and one-half bag for 

 (B B in Fig. i). Then a gentle tap the foundation and capital of each. This 

 with the hammer, the form sprang apart puts the cost of eight columns as follows: 



and there stood the column, made overnight T u a- j o j » * 



,-, T ,, , . ,, ,, . •'.,.,• j-rp 6 Laborer, $2 a day, 8 days $16.00 



like J ack s bean stalk, but with this difference 30 bags of cem ent, 50 cents a bag ... 18. 00 



— the column would last for centuries. If 8 pieces 2-inch iron pipe, 15 cents each . 1.20 



there were little ridges made by the indenta- 8 P iec es stove pipe, 25 cents each ... 2.00 



tions of the slats or by the concrete oozing Hauling sand and gravel 2.50 



,, . ,,, ; , T , j iU Cost of form 5 ■ °° 



into the crevices of the form, 1 found them — - — 



easily removed by a heavy chisel or hatchet, ,,,.,.-* * 1- o l 1? 

 , . i. .11 . 1 r ■ Credit for 1.0 cement bags, 8 cents a bag . 2 . 88 

 but it must be done as soon as the form is 



taken off. $4I - 8a 



The capitals or blocks for the top of the Except for hauling I have made no charge 



columns were made one each day. They for cost of sand and gravel, as I had it on 



were twenty inches square and four inches the premises. However, it can usually be 



thick. The mixture was the same as for had for thirty-five cents a load or one cubic 



the columns except that we used three parts yard. I should think that three loads would 



of gravel, instead of five, and no stones be ample for each column. At that rate each 



larger than a hen's egg. The block was column could be made at a cost of six 



not moved for six or se en days, giving it dollars. I confess the building of such 



plenty of time to set. The frame was columns is not easy work but it was a revela- 



removed by knocking one side gently so as tion and delight and I am repaid a hundred 



not to disturb the blocks. In making fold. As a healthful exercise for a woman 



frames that are to be removed and used I would recommend it against any medical 



repeatedly it is best to use screws instead of treatment or gymnastic anti-fat cure. 



Raspberries for the Home Garden — By Charles e. chapman, < 



MODERN METHODS OF GROWING RED RASPBERRIES AND BLACKCAPS WITHOUT TRELLISES AND 

 BY THE RENEWAL SYSTEM — A CROP THAT IS ESPECIALLY SUITABLE TO THE HOME GARDEN 



T^VER notice how in passing through the 

 *~ J garden you always pluck a few rasp- 

 berries and eat out -of -hand? It seems 

 strange that a fruit so easy to grow, so much 

 appreciated in the home and one of the most 

 profitable to raise for market should be 

 slighted. But there is the fact! Very few 

 families have as many raspberries as they 

 feel they really need, and it is essentially a 

 fruit for home production — unless you have 

 enjoyed freshly gathered raspberries that 

 have been allowed to ripen fully on the 

 canes, you have missed something. 



There are two quite distinct types of the 



raspberry. The one most commonly grown 

 is the red raspberry, the other is the black- 

 fruited, or blackcap. They differ from 

 each other in their adaptability to different 

 soils and in their habits of growth. 



If your soil is heavy plant the black 

 kinds, but on the light soil the red-fruited 

 kinds will do the best. Red raspberries 

 sucker freely, and a row of plants left to 

 themselves will spread naturally and every 

 season cover a large extent of ground. They 

 make plants very easily, but this tendency 

 must be restricted in the garden where fruit 

 is the chief object. If you merely wish to 



grow plants, they can be left to develop in 

 their own way. Black raspberries root from 

 the tips of the canes, and new plants will be 

 made wherever a cane touches the ground, 

 and this becomes the fruiting plant of the 

 following year. 



I started to grow raspberries for family 

 use by setting out fifty plants of blackcaps, 

 knowing nothing about their culture, and 

 I am now growing both the reds and blacks 

 by the hundreds of bushels. The profits 

 from each are about the same and range 

 from two to three hundred dollars an acre. 



Some writers advise the use of stakes and 



