CONTENTS xiii 



4. Ohio 311 



a. Old Soils 311 



b. Fluviatile Deposits 313 



c. Mammalian Fauna 314 



5. Wisconsin 317 



6. Minnesota 320 



7. Michigan 320 



8. New York 322 



9. New England States 326 



10. Canada 327 



a. The Toronto Formation 327 



b. Other Canadian Deposits 333 



III. Systematic Catalog of the Biota of the Sangamon Interval 335 



IV. Summary 342 



Chapter X. The Iowan Ice Invasion and the Peorian Interglacial Interval 



I. The Iowan Ice Invasion 344 



II. The Peorian Interglacial Stage 345 



III. The Iowan Loess 346 



IV. The Peorian Biota 347 



1. Iowa 347 



a. Vertabrate Fossils 348 



2. Nebraska 349 



3. Minnesota 349 



4. Illinois 351 



5. Wisconsin 351 



6. The Driftless Area 351 



a. Invertebrate Fauna 351 



b. Vertebrate Fauna 353 



7. Indiana 354 



8. Missouri 355 



9. Kansas 356 



10. Canada 357 



V. Systematic Catalog of the Biota of the Peorian Interval 357 



VI. Summary 360 



Special Characteristics of Loess Fossils 360 



Table of Loess Formations 363 



Chapter XL The Wisconsin Ice Invasion 



The Earlier Wisconsin Glacial Stage 365 



The Fifth Interval of Recession 365 



The Later Wisconsin Glacial Stage 365 



Life 366 



Wabash Fauna 367 



Chapter XII. Summary or the Life of the Pleistocene Within the Englaciated 

 Portion of North America 



I. The Flora 369 



II. The Fauna 369 



1. The Mollusca 369 



2. The Insecta 370 



