LIFE OF THE PLEISTOCENE 



5. Deposits of Uncertain Age 139 



6. Vertebrate Animals 141 



v. Ohio 142 



1. Invertebrate Life 142 



2. Vertebrate Life 145 



vi. Pennsylvania 147 



vii. New York 147 



1. Algonquin Stage (Lake Iroquois) 148 



1. Remains of Land Animals 151 



a. The Mastodon 151 



b. Other Vertebrates 153 



viii. Connecticut 154 



ix. Vermont 155 



x. Maine 155 



xi. Canada 156 



1 Lake Algonquin Stage 156 



2. Lake Iroquois Stage 158 



3. Nipissing Great Lakes 161 



4. Vertebrate Remains 163 



5. Glacial Lake Agassiz 164 



a. Bed of Lake Agassiz 165 



b. Outlet of Lake Agassiz 166 



c. Vertebrate Animals 166 



IV. Records of Life Outside the Area and Influence of the Great Glacial Lakes 167 



A. New Jersey 168 



1. Fresh Water Formations 168 



2. Land Formations 168 



3. Plant Remains 169 



B. Massachusetts 169 



C. Connecticut 171 



D. Iowa 171 



E. South Dakota 176 



V. The Champlain Substage 176 



A. The Ottawa Valley 178 



B. Montreal and Vicinity 179 



C. Lake St. John 180 



D. Lake Champlain Valley 181 



E. Marine Deposits of the St. Lawrence Valley 181 



F. New Brunswick 182 



G. Nova Scotia 182 



VI. Wisconsin Loess 182 



A. Iowa 183 



B. Illinois ■ 183 



C. Wisconsin 183 



VII. Systematic Catalog of the Biota at Present Known from the Postglacial 



Deposits Considered in this Work 184 



VIII. Summary 191 



1. Duration of the Glacial Lakes 191 



2. Repopulation of the Glaciated Area 192 



3. Variation of Climate as Evidenced by the Biota 194 



