CONTENTS ix 



b. Higher Invertebrates and Vertebrates of Post-Wisconsin Deposits 100 



c. Table of Species inhabiting Wilmette Bay during its Successive 

 Changes 101 



J. Correlation of Local and Great Lake Stages 105 



K. Altitude of Old Lake Beaches 106 



L. Interglacial Life of the Chicago Area 106 



M. Summary 107 



Chapter IV. The Postglacial Biota of the Great Lakes Region 



I. General Statement 110 



II. Outline of the History of the Extinct Lakes 110 



A. The Wisconsin Ice Sheet 110 



B. Formation of Glacial Lakes 110 



C. Lake Michigan Basin; Lake Chicago Ill 



D. Lake Superior Basin; Lake Duluth Ill 



E. Green Bay Basin 112 



F. Huron-Erie Basin 112 



Lake Maumee 112 



G. Huron-Erie-Ontario Basin 112 



1. Lake Arkona 112 



2. Lakes Whittlesey and Saginaw 113 



3. Lake Wayne 113 



4. Lake Warren 113 



5. Lake Lundy (Lakes Dana and Elkton) 113 



6. Lake Erie 114 



H. Ontario Basin; Lake Iroquois 114 



I. Lake Algonquin 115 



J. Nipissing Great Lakes 116 



K. The Champlain Substage 116 



L. Glacial Lake Agassiz 117 



III. Postglacial Sedimentary Deposits containing Remains of Life 117 



A. Great Lakes Region 117 



i. Wisconsin 117 



1. Bowmanville Low Water Stage 118 



2. Toleston or Hammond Stage 119 



3. Strata of Uncertain Age • . . . . 121 



ii. Illinois 123 



1. Fluviatile Deposits 123 



a. Lake Kankakee 126 



b. Small Lakes 127 



2. Terrestrial Deposits 128 



3. Loess Deposits 129 



iii. Indiana 130 



1. Lacustrine Deposits 130 



2. Terrestrial Deposits 130 



iv. Michigan 133 



1. Lake Warren 133 



2. Lake Chicago (Toleston Stage) 133 



3. Lake Algonquin 135 



4. Nipissing Great Lakes 137 



