170 LIFE OF THE PLEISTOCENE 



winter the stagnating waters clarified themselves, and the layer of clay resulted. 

 It is on the surface of these exceedingly thin sand layers that fossil leaves occur 

 in the clays exposed along the river bank below Hadley, in the clay pits near 

 the asylum in Northampton, at the Central Railroad station, and at the clay 

 pits near Kellogg's plane factory in Amherst. " 



The plants observed in these deposits have been identified as: 



Viola palustris Arctostapkylos alpina 

 V actinium oxy coccus " uva-ursi 



uliginosum Salix cutleri(= uva-ursi) 



Oxygia digyna Lycopodium selago 

 Rhododendron lapponicum 



These vegetable remains represent species which extend well into the boreal 

 or Arctic zone of today, and they apparently lived in post- Wisconsin time not 

 many miles south of the melting glacier. 



Alluvial terraces were built up following the draining of the Glacial lakes 

 and on these the waters of the rivers spread layers of fine sediment, in which 

 some of the biota of the region became buried. North of Hadley, near the 

 mouth of the Freshman River, several sections occur which reveal the old bed 

 of this river. In these deposits the remains of both plants and animals have 

 been observed. Ten plants and five insects are represented, as noted below: 



Plants 188 

 Ranunculus aqtiatilis Carya amara(= cordiformis) 



Acer saccharinum Quercus alba 



Prunus virginiana " rubra ambigua 



Platanus occidentalis Fagus ferruginea ( = grandifolia) 



Juglans cinerea Betula alba 



Insects 189 

 Saxinis regularis Dytiscidee species 



Donacia elongatida Cymindis extorpescens 



"Corymbiles aethiops (recent) 

 Large quantities of fresh-water mollusks are reported from a marl pit on 

 the farm of Fred Conant, at East Shelburne. Four species are listed. 189a 

 Lymnea (Galba) elodes Planorbis parvus 



Planorbis trivohis Pisidium xariabile 



Many years ago, Prime 190 recorded Pisidium contortum from postglacial 

 deposits in Pittsfield. A mastodon's tooth 191 was found in a muck bed on a 



198 Sampson, Holyoke Folio, p. 7. 



189 Scudder, Amer. Journ. Sci., (iii), XLVIII, p. 182, Mon. XXIX, U.S.G.S., pp. 740- 

 746. 



189a Mon. XXLX, U.S.G.S., pp. 738-739. 



19C Mon Amer. Corbie, p. 73. 



191 Hitchcock, Amer. Journ. Sci., (iii), III, p. 146. 



