THE KANSAN ICE INVASION 265 



Vertebrate remains from this interval are evidently rare in Minnesota. 

 In Nobles County, in gravel 27 feet below the surface, the bones of Elephas 

 primigenius have been found. 



5. WISCONSIN 



Fish remains have recently been discovered in interglacial deposits at 

 Menomonee, Dunn County, 733 the remains consisting of skull and a number of 

 associated bones. The fish was evidently about two feet in length. The 

 Menomonee clay beds are from 20 to 40 feet thick and are located in the valley 

 of the Red Cadar River. Weidman (p. 688) says of these beds "The relation 

 of the lacustrine clay ('Menomonee beds') to the overlying Iowan (Illinoian) 

 glacial gravels indicate that the probable age of the clay is the interglacial 

 stage between the Kansan and the Iowan (Illinoian), that is, between the 

 second and third glacial stages of the Pleistocene. No definite relations of 

 the clay beds at Menomonee to the Kansan is exhibited, the border of the 

 Kansan being located ten or twelve miles to the west, but, based in part on 

 other geologic data, the above inference as to age seems warranted. " 



A generalized section of the deposits in this vicinity is as follows: 



Iowan (Illinoian) outwash gravel and coarse sand 5-10 feet 



Unconformity 00 feet 



Lacustrine clays 'Menomonee' beds, finely stratified silt, fine sand and calcareous 



clay 20-40 feet 



Fine sand, resting unconformably at Menomonee on Upper Cambrian sandstone... 



Maximum 150 feet 



"Besides the remains (of fish), there have been found in the Menomonee 

 clay beds the remains of various mammals such as the elephant, mastodon, rein- 

 deer, caribou, the bones of other animals, the leg bone of a bird, and also frag- 

 ments of wood identified as spruce. " A reindeer, Rangifer, is thot to be an 

 extinct species, and is represented by both male and female antlers, the latter 

 identified by Dr. O. P. Hay (page 689). "The fossil remains of the land mam- 

 mals and of the forest trees found in the clays are only in fragmentary pieces, 

 indicating the fact that they were carried some distance by streams, or currents 

 along the lake shore, and dropped into the bed of the old lake. The remains 

 of the fish, on the other hand, are fairly complete specimens, and seem clearly 

 to indicate that these fish lived in the lake in which the clays were deposited" 

 (page 689). 



These fish remains are of great interest, they being the first bones of this 

 class of animals to be definitely identified from interglacial deposits. The re- 

 lation of the deposits, as commented upon by Weidman, seems to be with the 

 Yarmouth interval. The deposits between the Kansan and Iowan may, how- 



" a Hussakoff, Journ. Geol., XXIV, pp. 685-689, 1916. 



