THE KANSAN ICE INVASION 273 



Near Evansville, Vanderburg County, a coal shaft pierces the following 

 deposits: 111 



Surface soil (loess) 9 feet 6 inches 



Blue clay (Illinoian terrace) 30 " 6 



Gray sand (Illinoian terrace) 2 " 6 



Blue mud, quicksand (Illinoian) 22 " 3 



Gravel, sand, and shells (Yarmouth) 6 " 



Fire clay and sand 28 " 3 



Gravel and sand 1 " 



Sandstone 2 " 



Height of section 102 " " 



The mollusks from stratum 5 are listed below: 



As listed Modern name 



Unio ckunii Fusconaja ckunii 



" between linceairii and plicaius Crenodonta perplicata? 



" as per Quadrida as per 



" obliquus Pleurobema obliquum 



" purpuratus Proptera purpurata 



Trypanostoma unciale Pleurocera unciale 



canaliculaium " canaliculatum 



alveare v. torquatum " alveare 



Lioplax cycloswmatijormis v. contorta Lioplax cyclostomatijormis 



Melantho ponderosa Campeloma ponderosum 



The molluscan fauna indicated above is remarkable because many of the 

 species at present are found at some distance from the Ohio River. The 

 present range of the majority of the species is as shown below: 



Ckunii; Mississippi west to central Texas, north to Arkansas. 



Asper; Streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico from Alabama west to central Texas, and 



northward to the Verdigris River, Kansas. 

 Perplicatus; Alabama River drainage and streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico west to 



central Texas, north to southern Kansas. 

 Purpuratus; Eastern Texas, north to Kansas, thru southern Missouri, western Tennessee, 



to the Alabama River drainage. 

 Pleurocera unciale and P. alveare : Tennessee and Alabama. 

 Lioplax cyclostomatijormis; Alabama and Georgia. 



Only three species are at present living in the Ohio River. If the identifica- 

 tions were correctly made, these shells indicate a change of climate of large 

 degree, fully as much as an average temperature addition of 10 or 15 degrees. 

 The presence of the horse and tapir in deposits of equivalent age also indicate a 

 wanner climate. The presence of the Alabama species also opens up the 

 question of avenues of transportation, and probably strengthens the theory of 



m Collett, op. cit., VU, p. 270. 



