304 LIFE OF THE PLEISTOCENE 



Marly soil 3 feet 



Clay (marl loess) 30 " 



Rich soil, logs, etc. (Sangamon) 3 " 



Blue mud and gravel 10 " 



Quicksand (stratified drift) l~t"" 



Several exposures in northern Indiana indicate the presence of old soils and 

 peat beds beneath the Wisconsin till. In Boone County, near Jamestown, 

 a well section gave the strata noted below: 100 



1. Soil and yellow clay mixed with sand 12 feet 



2. Yellow sand 2 " 



3. Hard gravel 4 " 



4. Hardpan and gravel 4 " 



5. White sand '. 6 " 



6. Sand and clay, bluish 18 " 



7. Black muck or loam, with branches of trees and other vegetable matter 12 " 



8. Blue clay 4 " 



9. Gray sand, gravel, etc 26 " 



The stratum number 7 is probably of Sangamon age. 



An excavation in Main Street, Lebanon, exposed mollusks beneath clay, as 

 noted below: 101 



Soil : 



Clay 



Sand with large number of shells said to be fresh water 



Gravel 



If the 14 feet is Wisconsin drift, the thinness is very unusual. It may possi- 

 bly be postglacial. Several other records of pre-Wisconsin soil in Boone 

 County are known, indicating the deposits to be widespread. 



Ancient stream channels near Richmond: "The cut through this formation 

 for the passage of the national road, exposes the beds of no less than three small 

 streams, which appear to have run parallel with the present one, and are now 

 covered by a thick deposit of diluvium. The section of the largest one, which 

 is on the west side of the river (Whitewater), presents the following appear- 

 ance on the north side of the road. 



"The bed of this ancient stream is about 400 feet from the escarpment of 

 the present river, whose waters flow nearly 12 fathoms below, in perpendicular 

 measurement. The silt is 6 feet deep, and consists of a dark bluish earth, 

 strongly contrasting with the yellowish diluvial clay above it. This silt con- 

 tains no bowlders, but pockets of coarse sand and pebbles of various sizes 

 are found in it. The diluvium which fills up the remainder of the channel is 

 about 10 feet thick immediately over the silt, and is the same that forms the 



100 Gorby and Lee, Geol. Surv. Ind., 15th An. Rep., p. 167. 



101 Op. cil., p. 167. 



2 feet 



12 " 



x " 



x " 



