332 LIFE OF THE PLEISTOCENE 



Family Curculionidae 

 Erycus consumptus Orchestes avus 



A nthotiomus eversus Cenlrinus disjunctus 



fossilis 



lapsus 



Phlocosinus squalidens 



Family Scolytidae 



The plants first observed in the Scarboro beds number over a dozen species, 

 as noted below: 



Abies balsamea Hypnum revolvens 



Alnus species ( = Drepanocladus intermedins) 



Carex aqualilis * Larix americana 



" reticulata Lycopodium species 



Equiseliim species Oxycoccus palustris 



Fonlinalis species Picea alba { — canadensis) 



Hypnum commutatum * Salix species 



* Vaccinium uliginosum 



Later, 1883 Coleman adds seven species of plants from the Scarboro beetle 

 beds. The plants were identified by W. L. McAtee. 



Scirpus flwiiatilis Chenopodium species 



Potamogeton species Brasenia purpurea 



Ceralophyllum dcmersum Primus cf. pennsylvanicus 

 Polygonum species 



The plant and beetle remains indicate a period when the climate was much 

 colder, like that of Labrador, perhaps, cold and wet. It is to be noted that 

 the rich fauna of the warm temperate climate has mostly disappeared the spe- 

 cies being replaced by those able to withstand the rigors of a cold-temperate 

 winter. Only three species of plants are common to both deposits. These 

 are indicated in the above list by an * All but two of the 72 species of beetles 

 are extinct, a significant fact, indicating that this group of animals has not yet 

 reached a static condition, but is now passing thru a period of active evolution. 

 The great number and variety of species now living also indicates the same con- 

 dition. 



The peaty clay is covered with 59 feet of stratified sand, containing a few 

 mollusks, trees, and vertebrates, which have been identified as follows: 



Trees 

 A bies balsamea Larix americana ( = laricina) 



Mollusks 

 Sphaerium fabale Planorbis species 



rhomboideum Lymnaea species 



Valvata tricarinata 



I88a Bull Geol. Soc. Amer., XXVI, p. 247. 



