178 



What is a fair rental for a given 

 property? Ask the Readers' Service 



THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 



November, 1911 



In the Bell Democracy 



Membership in the telephone 

 democracy of the Bell System means 

 equal opportunity for every man, 

 no matter who he is or where he is. 



Each member of this Bell democ- 

 racy has the same chance of com- 

 munication, limited only by the 

 distance the voice can be carried. 



However remote, whether in the 

 adobe house on the Rio Grande, on 

 the Montana sheep ranch or in the 

 isolated New England farm house, 

 the Bell telephone is an open door- 

 way to the Universal Bell System. 



From each Bell outpost run lines 

 that connect it with the central office 

 — that nerve center of the local 

 system. 



Long distance and toll lines con- 

 nect these nerve centers and furnish 

 clear tracks for telephone talk 

 throughout the land. 



12,000,000 miles of wire are the 

 highways over which 20,000,000 

 telephone talks are carried daily. 



The Bell System binds together 

 the social and business activities of 

 a people in a shoulder-to-shoulder 

 march of progress. 



American Telephone and Telegraph Company 



And Associated Companies 



One Volicp 



One System 



Universal Service 



For Liquor and 



Drug Using 1 



A scientific remedy which has been 

 skilfully and successfully administered by 

 medical specialists for the past 31 years 



AT THE FOLLOWING KEELEY INSTITUTES : 



Hot Springs, Ark* 

 Los Angeles, Cal. 

 Ban Francisco, Cal* 

 West Haven, Conn. 

 Washington, D. O. 



Jacksonville, Fla. 

 Atlanta, 6a. 

 Dwlght, 111. 

 Marlon, Ind. 

 Lexington, Mass. 



Portland, Me. 

 Grand Rapids, Mich. 

 Kansas City, Mo. 

 Manchester, N. H. 

 Buffalo, N. V. 



White Plains, N. T. 

 Philadelphia. Pa. 



813 N. Broad St. 

 Pittsburg, Pa. 



4846 Fifth Ave. 



Columbus, O. 

 Providence, R. I. 

 Columbia, 8. C. 

 Winnipeg, Manitoba 

 London, England 



Preparing for Winter 



THIS is the time to set about protecting fruits, 

 pruning vines, and planting trees and cane 

 fruits in latitudes where fall planting is followed by 

 good results. I like to begin pruning grape vines 

 as soon as the grapes are gathered and the leaves 

 are off the vines. The grapes we call hardy and 

 semi-hardy in the latitude of New York require 

 different systems of pruning; the former can usually 

 be safely left on the trellis, while the latter may 

 winter-kill if not laid down. 



Here in Southeastern New York, the varieties that 

 I permanently establish on the trellis by a system 

 of pruning are Worden, Moore's Diamond and 

 Concord, while the Niagara and Delaware are 

 pruned by a system that admits of their being cut 

 loose from the trellis and laid down for protection. 



WAYS OF PRUNING GRAPE VINES 



If a grape vine of any variety was planted last 

 spring and one cane grew which was tied up to a 

 single post — ■ which is the right way the first year 

 of planting — I would cut loose the vine and 

 cover it with an inch or so of soil, for these young 

 vines are less hardy than older ones. With the 

 hardy variety, the second year wires should be put 

 up on the posts and the vines carried to the top 

 wire and headed so that arms will grow out along 

 the wires in the form of a T. These arms can be 

 permanently established on the wires or trellis, and 

 the lateral growths from them are the bearing 

 canes. Thinning out this lateral growth and 

 cutting back to short spurs those left is the usual 

 pruning of hardy grapes. Having this general 

 plan in mind, one can use his judgment and modify 

 it to suit the individual vine. A strong-growing 

 variety, like the Worden, can mature a larger crop 

 than a weak variety, and can carry more wood. 

 Again individual vines of the same variety are 

 stronger than others. A vine should be given 

 work to do according to its size and its vigor of 

 growth. I do not advise too close pruning of any 

 vine, because the leaves are its feeding organs. 



The semi-hardy varieties of grapes are best 

 grown by what has been called the renewal system 

 for they cannot be permanently established on the 

 trellis. The vines must not be allowed to get so 

 large that they cannot be bent and laid on the 

 ground. When the vines are one or two years old 

 they are cut back to the ground and new ones 

 allowed to start from the roots to take their place. 

 The method of pruning is as follows: 



When pruning in late fall — for this is the time 



Niagara grapevine in the late fall before pruning 



