276 



Tlie Readers' Service will give you 

 suggestions Jor the care of live-stock 



THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 



Januaet, 1912 



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started either way. It makes a pretty lawn when 

 well fertilized and the weeds kept out of it. 



Continue to sow oats and rye; if you have not 

 already put in a good crop of these, especially oats, 

 don't fail to do so as early as possible. 



Magnolia grandijlora, the best of all evergreens 

 on account of its large white flowers, should be 

 planted the last of this month in the Lower South, 

 or after all danger of freezing is past. The nursery- 

 man from whom you buy the plants will advise 

 you how to plant; follow his directions closely 

 in order to grow them successfully. 



Oleanders should also be planted at the same 

 time as the magnolias. They make excellent 

 tall hedges or single specimens and are well suited 

 for growing out-of-doors in the Lower South, and 

 in tubs up North. There are many varieties, some 

 being hardier, and some flowering more freely than 

 other sorts. Your nurseryman will advise you of 

 the best variety for your section and purpose. 



Begin spraying fruit trees now, and the digging 

 of borers out of peach trees. Remember this is 

 the last month for making cuttings of pears, 

 Scuppernong grapes and pomegranates in the 

 Lower South. Also remember you lose a 'year on 

 peaches if you have not already planted the trees, 



The season for planting in that section closes 

 after this month. 



Continue to sow sweet peas so as to keep up a 

 succession of flowers. Plant as many seeds as 

 possible of this beautiful flower, during this and 

 next month. 



Sow a few seeds of the early bush type of nas- 

 turtium in the hotbed now, and you will have 

 flowers in March. 



Sow seed of radishes, turnips and mustard for 

 spring greens. Burn up the trash now and destroy 

 all possible insects while the weather is cool and 

 before the insects commence to breed. 



Look after the garden and farm tools now, and 

 get them ready to use. Do not neglect whatever 

 repairing has to be done. 



Sow seed of onions now and remember that 

 the soil cannot be made too rich for them. Seed 

 sown now in good, well fertilized soil will produce 

 ripe bulbs in July or early August. Prizetaker, 

 Ailsa Craig, Red Wethersfield and Mammoth 

 Silver King are excellent varieties. 



Buena Vista, Ga. Thomas J. Steed. 



The Humble Koonti 



THE koonti in spite of its queer Indian 

 name is not a spook or rare wild animal. It 

 is a beautiful, wonderful, humble little plant that 

 grows in the hot sands and among the rough 

 limestone rocks of South Florida. It is com- 

 monly spelled coontie or comptie, but in a report 

 on the Seminoles issued by the Bureau of Ethnology 

 the form koonti is used. The word in Seminole 

 apparently means more than the mere name of the 

 plant. I have heard it has the significance of the 

 word "bread" or "grits" or "grub" since koonti 

 starch has been for many years the farinaceous 

 main stay of this people. 



Usually when a man needs bread he raises the 

 wheat or buys it. The semi-nude Seminole orders 

 his squaws to dig it. With clumsy sticks they 

 pry the roots or rather the underground stems out 

 of the ground. They pound them fine with mastic- 

 wood pestles in cavities cut in a pine log. Then 

 by settling, straining, washing, etc., the fine starch 

 is separated. 



Aside from its connection with the Seminole it 

 supplied the early settler with food and to-day, to 

 some extent at least, enters into the arrowroot 

 biscuit of commerce. 



It was no doubt used for food by the Indians 

 which preceded the Seminole. The latter is 

 really a newcomer in South Florida, but very 

 little is known of the aborigines except that they 

 were fierce fighters, good navigators and closely 

 related to the Indians of the West Indies. It is 

 barely possible that a few of these may have escaped 

 the slave hunting Spaniards and afterward amal- 

 gamated with the Seminole. 



Koonti grows in the West Indies; practically 

 the same plant may be found on Andros Island in 

 the Bahamas and the natives still manufacture the 

 starch which the" sell in Nassau for washing and 

 other purposes. 



The koonti is a sago, but the starch which it 



