THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



UNITED 

 KINGDOM 



FRANCE 



ITALY 



The lined rectangles repre- 

 sent the deaths by fighting. 

 The black rectangles represent 

 the deaths by famine. 



RUSSIA 



POLAND 



BELGIUM 



SERBIA 



ROUMANIA 



ARMENIA 



GERMANY 



AUSTRIA- 

 HUNGARY 



BULGARIA 

 TURKEY 



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The circle represents the 

 total population of the Central 

 and Allied Powers (the United 

 States excepted), also territory 

 conquered by the Central 

 Powers. 



The black area within the 

 circle represents deaths by 

 famine. The lined area, deaths 

 by fighting. 



THE TOI.lv OF" HUMAN LIVES EXACTED BY THE SWORD AND BY STARVATION SINCE 



THE WORLD WAR BEGAN 



ern Russia, as she now seems to have, 

 then Germany may be able, in time, to 

 supply her principal needs in food, beef, 

 animal fats, and leather; for the trans- 

 portation system from Odessa to Lem- 

 berg, and thence through Galicia into 

 Germany, is unimpaired. 



HUNGER FORCES ROUMANIA TO PEACE 



The Roumanians, driven back by the 

 Germans into an unfertile corner of their 

 country, are face to face with starvation, 

 and are cabling to us frantically for food 

 and clothing. Roumania has been com- 

 pelled to make peace with Germany 



through sheer desperation, due to food 

 shortage and to her being entirely sur- 

 rounded by enemies. 



In Serbia the conquering armies are 

 living from the land at the expense of 

 the native population, as in Poland and 

 Roumania, the Hague Agreement to the 

 contrary notwithstanding; and famine 

 stalks those lands in consequence. 



In the Turkish Empire, where the poor 

 are always hungry, the officers have been 

 allowed to speculate in foodstuffs. The 

 limited stocks have been bought up to 

 line the pockets of the gamblers, and 

 prices have soared beyond the reach of 



