380 



THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



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SERVING A HOT MEAL, TO WEARY SOLDIERS IN THE GAREJ DE i/EST CANTEEN, PARIS 



There are three types of canteens operated or subsidized by the American Red Cross in 

 France. The first is known as the Rolling Canteen, just behind the front line, where hot 

 drinks, bouillon, lemonade, and mint are served to the men who are fighting or working close 

 to the firing lines. The second class is known as the Line of Communication Canteen. In 

 four canteens of this class 88 American women serve 20,000 soldiers daily. The third class 

 of canteen is known as the Metropolitan, established in the principal railway stations of Paris. 



peared in the Times. She had an inti- 

 mate personal acquaintanceship with Mr. 

 and Mrs. Sidney Herbert, as with so 

 many of the political, social, and literary 

 leaders of England, and she wrote a letter 

 to Mrs. Herbert to be shown to her hus- 

 band, saying that a "small private expe- 

 dition of nurses" had already been or- 

 ganized which she proposed to take to 

 Scutari, and asking if governmental au- 

 thority could be secured for them. 



This letter crossed one from Mr. Her- 

 bert, inviting her to undertake this very 

 task for the government. It was one of 

 those coincidences not uncommon in the 

 history of thought, when the same idea 

 takes hold of different minds at the same 

 time. 



In view of the momentous results of 

 this correspondence, it is not inappropri- 

 ate to compare the coincidence with Dar- 

 win's and Wallace's simultaneous exposi- 



tions of the evolutionary idea. So it was 

 arranged that Miss Nightingale and her 

 band of nurses should go to the Crimea 

 in the autumn of 1854. 



She reached Scutari ten days after the 

 battle of Balaclava (which made the Six 

 Hundred so famous) and one day before 

 the battle of Inkerman. She had her 

 hands full. Besides the wounded, there 

 were the sick, and they perhaps made her 

 chief problem. 



TERRIBLE CONDITIONS IN THE HOSPITALS 



The condition of the hospitals was al- 

 most unbelievable — floors and walls cov- 

 ered with filth, exposed sewers under- 

 running the hospitals and emitting their 

 foul stench through all the wards, vermin 

 and rats (she became so expert in rat- 

 killing that she could slay a rodent over 

 a sleeper's head without awakening him), 

 sheets of tarpaulin so thick and rough 



