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THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



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they submerge and return 

 along the bed of the beach. 



Here they constitute the un- 

 dertow, an undersea current 

 equally as reckless of life and 

 the rights of noncombatants 



as a I Iun I "-boat ilsel f. 



It is by this route that they 

 lead off many of their prison- 

 ers and drown them beneath 

 the waves of the sea. Ten 

 thousand banks on the bottom 

 of the dee]) are cemeteries 

 peopled with the worn and 

 wasted sands of the seashore 

 which were carried there by 

 the undertow. 



If the sea in its warfare 

 against the land sometimes 

 ruins a haven of refuge, as it 

 did when it broke through the 

 lines of the land at Old Cran- 

 berry Inlet, previously cited, 

 at other times it is compelled 

 by the land to create such a 

 haven. 



Off the Maryland-Virginia 

 shore lies the long, barrier- 

 like island of Assateague. 

 Once the seaward southern 

 point of this island was only a 

 bare lip. Gradually, however, 

 the land began to force the 

 sea to give it sand, and with 

 this it has built a fine hook be- 

 hind which many a mariner 

 seeks safety from the fierce 

 nor'easters .that sweep these 

 coasts. 



From 1908 to 191 1 this in- 

 vasion of the sea by the land 

 went forward at the rate of 

 200 feet a year. But latterly 

 it is following the usual course 

 of offensives and is now ad- 

 vancing at the rate of only 100 

 feet a year. 



ANOTHER AU-A' OF TIIK SEA IN 

 THE VIRGINIA CAPES REGION 



When one comes to the Vir- 

 ginia capes and studies condi- 

 tions there, it is found that in 

 times past the sea had another 

 ally, of which no mention has 

 yet been made — subsidences. 

 In a bygone age the Susque- 



