THE WILD LIFE OF LAKE SUPERIOR 



135 



Photograph by George Shiras, 3d 



THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL FLASHLIGHT OF A WILD ANIMAL EVER MADE 



This yearling buck, with head erect and facing the jack-light, was the first satisfactory 

 subject for a picture obtained by the author in his invention and development of night pho- 

 tography (see pages 175-176). 



which by centuries of use had become 

 about two feet broad, clear of obstruc- 

 tions and deeply cut in banks and soft 

 ground. In swamps they were like cari- 

 bou trails in Newfoundland. 



These migrating deer always traveled 

 with the wind and never against it, and 

 always in the daytime, usually between 7 

 and 4 o'clock. It is interesting to note 

 how this compared with the migration of 

 the caribou in Newfoundland, where I 

 spent two seasons studying it. There, 

 too, the cows, calves, and yearlings began 



moving south about the 15th of August, 

 but usually in bands of a dozen or more, 

 followed by the large stags later, and, 

 like the deer, they traveled in the day- 

 time, but always against the wind except 

 during severe weather, at the end of the 

 season. 



THE CARIBOU DEPENDS ON SCENT 



It is characteristic of the caribou to de- 

 pend upon scent rather than sight or hear- 

 ing, and this is especially true of the Wood- 

 land caribou of Newfoundland, which, 



