On THE PITHOPHORACEA. 63 
[P. subvalida, filo principali partis thalli cauloidex speciminum fertilium c:a 
105 w erasso, ramos unius vel duorum ordinum emittente; ramis ordinis primi sin- 
eulis vel (rarius) binis oppositis; ramis ordinis secundi singulis; sporis solitariis 
(rarius geminatis), vel inclusis vel terminalibus; sporis in ramis primi ordinis in- 
elusis vel cylindricis vel orculeformibus; sporis in filo principali inclusis plerumque 
forma subirregulari; sporis cylindricis c:a 63 «w crassis et 88 uw longis, orculeefor- 
mibus e:a 104 w crassis et 157 mw longis, subirregularibus 121 w crassis et 133 u 
longis; sporis terminalibus plerumque subconicis apice rotundato, raro orculeformibus 
sursum brevi-acuminatis apice subrotundato; sporis subconicis c:a 63 w crassis et 
155 w longis, orculeformibus c:a 95 « crassis et 148 « longis.] 
Locality. This species is found in fresh water on Mangalore in Canara in 
India, according to HOHENACKER 1. ¢. 
General Description. Fertile specimens. Cauloid part, In this many- 
formed species we may distinguish two types of ramification, one where only 
the principal filament carries branches (which are consequently all of the I:st 
degree), and one where the branches of the I:st degree are also ramified. In the 
first type the branches are generally short and single (pl. 1, fig. 17); in the second, 
the branches of the 1:st degree are rather long and partly single, partly opposite 
to each other in pairs, whilst the branches of the 2:d degree are short and single 
(pl. 1, fig. 13). Connecting forms between the two types exist, however. Most fre- 
quently the branches of this species are placed, as in the others, a space (however 
small) below the top of the supporting cell, but not seldom the branches proceed 
from the very top of their supporting cells (pl. 1, fig. 16, 17). Accessorial basal 
branches are not rare, especially in specimens belonging to the second type of rami- 
fication. Branchless cells in the principal filament are rare; even the top cells here 
show, against the rule, now and then a tendency to ramify (pl. 1, fig. 17 ct). Only 
one helicoid I have found. It was unbranched, and belonged to a branch of the 
2:1 degree. — The spores, which are in this species of several different forms, are 
partly inclosed and partly terminal. The inclosed are of three principal forms, viz. 
l:o cylindrical, 2:0 cask-shaped, and 3:0 of an irregular shape. As a 4:th kind 
might be regarded the very short, half cask-shaped lower ones of the twin spores 
(pl. 1, fig. 16 s”). The cylindrical, which are the most common, are found in 
branches of the I:st and 2:d degree (pl. 1, fig. 13), -the cask-shaped in branches of 
the 1:st degree and more seldom in the principal filament (pl. 1, fig. 16); the irre- 
gular in the principal filament (pl. 1, fig. 13). The terminal spores are of two kinds: 
1:0 subconical with a rounded top (pl. 1, figs. 13, 15, 17), and 2:0 cask-shaped and 
abruptly narrowing towards the rounded top (pl. 1, fig. 14). The former is the 
common form; the latter is rare. As I have already indicated, twin spores are not 
seldom found. They are placed partly in the principal filament and partly in the 
branches of the 1:st degree. 
Rhizoid part. Only in one of the examined specimens this part has been 
preserved. It showed a very powerful development, being pluricellular and spori- 
ferous (pl. 4, fig. 19). 
Sterile specimens of this species would seem to be very rare. Among the 
numerous specimens I have examined, I have found only one sterile. This one had 
strong and opposite branches of the L:st degree, and short and single of the 2:d. 
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