On THE PITHOPHORACE. 65 
filament) cask-shaped, on an av. 144 w thick and 232 w long; the lower 
spores in a pair of twin spores subcylindrical, on an av. 113 w thick 
and 179 w long; the solitary spores of the branches of the first degree 
cylindrical, on an av. 85 w thick and 135 w long; the terminal spores 
cask-shaped, with the upper end conical and the top somewhat rounded, 
on an ay. 132 w thick and 382 w long. — Plate 1, figs. 9—12. 
[P. subvalida, filo principali partis thalli cauloidee speciminum fertilium c:a 
120 w ecrasso, ramos plerumque duorum ordinum singulos vel binos oppositos emit- 
tente; sporis vel inclusis vel terminalibus; sporis in filo principali sitis plerumque 
geminatis; sporis in ramis sitis plerumque solitariis; sporis inclusis superioribus 
binarum geminatarum (solitariisque in filo principali) orculeeformibus, c:a 144 wu 
crassis st 232 w longis; sporis inclusis inferioribus binarum geminatarum subeylin- 
dricis, c:a 113 w crassis et 179 mw longis; sporis inclusis solitariis ramorum cylin- 
dricis, c:a 85 w crassis et 135 w longis; sporis terminalibus orculeeformibus sursum 
brevi-acuminatis apice subrotundato, c:a 132 w crassis et 382 w longis.] 
Locality. This species is found by Professor E. v. MARTENS j:r near Yoko- 
hama in Japan, in the month of October 1860. It grows on rice-fields. — The spe- 
cimens which I have examined are original specimens, presented to me by Prof. 
E. v. MARTENS j:r. 
General Description. Fertile specimens. Cauloid part. The branches 
‘of the 1:st degree are placed singly, or two and two opposite to each other on the 
principal filament. Once I have observed three branches of the first degree in a 
whorl. These often support branches of the 2:d degree, which are, as a rule, placed 
singly. These branches in their turn now and then, though seldom, support small 
branches of the 3:rd degree. The normal branches are attached a short space (not 
so long as the diameter of the branch), below the top of the supporting cells. 
Aecessorial basal branches are rare. Subsporal branches of the 1:st degree are, 
on the contrary, rather common (pl. 1, fig. 9). Such branches are found only below 
single spores. In their formation has evidently been consumed the protoplasm, 
which otherwise is used in the principal filament in the formation of the lower 
one of the twin spores that are common there. Helicoids I have not observed. — 
Spores are found in branches of the 1:st degree as well as in the principal filament; 
they are partly inclosed and partly terminal. The spores in the principal filament 
are generally formed two and two by one mother cell (pl. 1, fig. 10 and 11). In 
branches of the 1:st degree such twin spores are but very seldom found (pl. 1, fig. 
9 s, s”). The inclosed spores are of three kinds: 1:0 the upper ones in the pairs 
of twin spores, and the single spores in the principal filament; 2:0 the lower ones 
in the pairs of twin spores; 3:0 the single ones in the branches of the 1:st degree. 
Those of the first kind are in general cask-shaped (pl. 1, fig. 11), but now and 
then of a somewhat irregular form (pl. 1, fig. 9 and 10); those of the second kind 
are cylindrical or almost so, often somewhat swollen midways (pl. 1, fig. 11 and 
10 s’), and those of the third kind are almost quite cylindrical (pl. 1, fig. 9 sc.). The 
terminal spores, of which I have seen but very few, areecask-shaped with the top 
now abruptly pointed and now tapering (pl. 1, fig. 11). I think it very probable 
that the plant may have subconical terminal spores besides the cask-shaped. 
Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sc. Ups. Ser. III. 9 
