On THE PITHOPHORACEA. 21 
rise to a cauloid easily recognized as such by its being ramified and, 
in fertile specimens, by its carrying spores. A rhizoid is, in this case, 
not developed, but it often happens, that the lowest cell of the cauloid 
forms, in its lower end, within the membrane of the germinated spore, 
a new basal spore (pl. 4, fig. 12 sgb); see the preceding paragraph l. c. 
Specimens of this kind I have found only of P. Cleveana nob., but not 
so very few. The first transversal cell-wall is in this case, as in the 
preceding one, placed above the germinated spore in the cauloid (pl. 4, 
fig. 12 ww). It is easily understood by the account of the formation of 
spores contained in the preceding paragraph, that this wall must be 
formed before the two situated below marked w’ and w’. In one spe- 
ceimen of P. Cleveana nob., the one represented pl. 4, fig. 15, I have 
found a transversal cell-wall in the germinated spore, seemingly without 
the spore’s having been elongated downwards in germinating. The little 
cell, rh, situated below this parting wall must thus per analogiam be 
regarded as the rhizoid of the plant. (In this specimen also a basal 
spore is found in the cauloid). 
The nature of certain specimens of P. kewensis nob. and of P. 
Roettleri (Roth) nob. gives reason to suppose, that other deviations 
from the normal proceeding of the germination may possibly take place. 
The specimen represented pl. 4, fig. 7 shows, proceeding immediately 
out of the germinated spore, a side branch, ac, poimting somewhat down- 
wards. It is possible, that this branch may have been formed already 
in the germination, and in this case the spore would have sent forth no 
less: than three processes, one upwards, one downwards and one side- 
ways; but it might also be possible, — and this seems to me more prob- 
able, — that this branch has been formed later, when the lowest cell 
of the cauloid had already attained its completion; in the same manner 
as we sometimes find, in P. Cleveana nob., that the lowest cell of the 
cauloid has, after the germination, formed a spore in its lower end. 
The branch marked ac on pl. 4, fig. 10 might be analogous to the side 
branch mentioned above (pl. 4, fig. 7 ac), though it points upwards in- 
stead of downwards.*) The probability of the opinion, that the branches 
now mentioned are not formed in the germination, but later, is supported 
by the nature of the specimen which is represented pl. 4, fig. 9. There 
we see an almost full-grown specimen just in the act of developing, from 
its lowest cauloid cell, a basal branch, ac, pointing downwards. 
") Possibly this might be the case also with the branch marked ac belonging 
to the specimen of P. Zelleri (v. Mart.) nob. represented pl. 1, fig. 12, 
